| 词条 | Muscle Shoals Sound Studio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Muscle Shoals Sound Studio | nrhp_type = | image = 3614 Jackson Highway September 2007.jpg | caption = Original studios at 3614 Jackson Highway, Sheffield | location= 3614 Jackson Hwy., Sheffield, Alabama | coordinates = {{coord|34|46|4|N|87|40|26|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = | area = | architect= | architecture= Early commercial | added = June 2, 2006 | governing_body = Private |website = [https://muscleshoalssoundstudio.org muscleshoalssoundstudio.org] | refnum=06000437[1] }}Muscle Shoals Sound Studio at 3614 Jackson Highway in Sheffield, Alabama was formed in 1969 by four session musicians called The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section (and affectionately called The Swampers)[2] who had left Rick Hall's nearby FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals to create their own recording facility. The group closed the Jackson Highway studio in 1979, moving the operation to 1000 Alabama Avenue. The old studio has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 2006.[3] It was partly restored in the early 2000s and was sold to the Muscle Shoals Music Foundation in 2013. This group completed a major restoration and the location reopened on January 9, 2017.[4] The Alabama Avenue location ceased operations in 2005 when it was sold to a record label.[5] HistoryThe concrete block building at 3614 Jackson Highway in Sheffield was built around 1946 and was previously a coffin show room.[6] It was converted to a recording studio in 1969 when a group of musicians called the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section decided to start their own operation in competition with the FAME Studios owned by Rick Hall. Over the years, artists who recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio included The Rolling Stones, Aretha Franklin, Wilson Pickett, Willie Nelson, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Joe Cocker, Levon Helm, Paul Simon, Bob Seger, Rod Stewart, Tamiko Jones, and Cat Stevens. Cher's sixth album was titled 3614 Jackson Highway (1969) and this became the informal name for the studio in 1969. The studio at this location closed in 1979, and the recording facility was moved to new premises at 1000 Alabama Avenue. The Jackson Highway building had been partly restored and open for tours in 2013 when the documentary Muscle Shoals raised public interest in a major restoration of the studio.[7] The Muscle Shoals Music Foundation was formed in 2013 to raise funds to purchase the building and to complete major renovations. In June 2013, the owner sold the property to the Muscle Shoals Music Foundation, without the historic recording equipment.[8] A large grant from Beats Electronics provided an essential $1 million. (Beats Electronics is a manufacturer of headphones and similar devices owned by Apple inc. and founded by Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine.) The state tourism director said in August 2015 that the 2013 Muscle Shoals film[9] had significant influence. "The financial support from Beats is a direct result of their film." Additional donations were made by other groups and individuals.[10] As recently as August 2015, tours were visiting the partly restored studio on Jackson Highway. It was closed when major restoration work started in September 2015. Muscle Shoals Sound Studio reopened as a finished tourist attraction on January 9, 2017, owned and operated by the foundation. The interior is reminiscent of the 1970s, with relevant recording equipment and paraphernalia. There are plans to allow artists to record in the studio.[11][12] The Alabama Tourism Department named Muscle Shoals Sound Studio as the state's top attraction in 2017, even before the Jackson Highway studio reopened.[4] Early historyThe four founders of the studio, Barry Beckett (keyboards), Roger Hawkins (drums), Jimmy Johnson (guitar) and David Hood (bass), affectionately called The Swampers,[13] but usually known as the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, were one of the best-known "house bands" or session musicians. (The nickname "The Swampers" was given to the group by the music producer Denny Cordell during recording sessions for Leon Russell because of their "funky, soulful Southern "swamp" sound".)[14][2] They are referred to as "The Swampers" in the lyrics of "Sweet Home Alabama" (1974) by Lynyrd Skynyrd and appear on the cover of Cher's 1969 album 3614 Jackson Highway.[15] Initially they worked for Rick Hall, the founder of FAME Studios and they are recognized as having crafted the "Muscle Shoals sound" in conjunction with Hall.[16] After leaving Rick Hall's FAME Studios, the four musicians partnered with Jerry Wexler who provided start-up funding[17] to found Muscle Shoals Sound Studio at 3614 Jackson Highway in Sheffield.[18] The first hit to the studio's credit was R. B. Greaves' "Take a Letter Maria". By December 1969, the Rolling Stones were recording at this new location for three days.[19] The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section was the first group of musicians to own a studio and to eventually run their own publishing and production companies. They provided musical backing and arrangements for many recordings, including major hits by Wilson Pickett, Aretha Franklin, and the Staple Singers; a wide range of artists in popular music also recorded hit songs and complete albums at the studio. They had first worked together in 1967 and initially played sessions in New York and Nashville before doing so at FAME. Their initial successes in soul and R&B led to more mainstream rock and pop performers who began coming to record at Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, including the Rolling Stones, Traffic, Bob Seger, Elton John, Boz Scaggs, Willie Nelson, Paul Simon, Bob Dylan, Dr. Hook, Elkie Brooks, Millie Jackson, Julian Lennon, and Glenn Frey. The two buildingsThe studio at 3614 Jackson Highway closed in April 1979, becoming an audio visual retailer and then an appliance store until 1999. The subsequent owner did some renovations and retained the old recording equipment, allowing for tours of the property.[20][8] The recording facility was relocated to updated and larger premises at 1000 Alabama Avenue in Sheffield in 1979. This location operated until it was closed and sold in 1985 to Tommy Couch's soul and blues label Malaco Records, based in Jackson, Mississippi, which also bought the publishing rights held by the Muscle Shoals Sound. Malaco used the Sheffield studios for its own artists, including Johnnie Taylor, Bobby Bland and Little Milton, as while continuing to operate its own facility in Jackson. The Rhythm Section, minus Beckett, worked with other studio musicians at Malaco Records and at other studios.[21] In 2005, Couch decided to close the Malaco studio on Alabama Avenue because he was having difficulty competing with more technologically advanced studios.[22] Recent historyAfter the 1000 Alabama Avenue location closed in 2005, ending the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio era, the building was taken over by a movie production company.[23] In 2017, this location housed Cypress Moon Productions and the Cypress Moon Studio with functioning recording equipment, which was operating as a recording studio and was open for tours.[24] Although it was no longer a working studio in 2009 and 2010, the Jackson Highway location was rented for recording some or all of two Grammy-nominated albums. Band of Horses's third CD, Infinite Arms, recorded in part at that studio, was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category Best Alternative Album.[6] Ten tracks of Black Keys's sixth album, Brothers, were also recorded at 3614 Jackson Highway.[25] The album was nominated for a 2011 Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. Two songs from the album, "Tighten Up" and "Black Mud", were nominated for Grammys: "Tighten Up" for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Rock Song and "Black Mud" for Best Rock Instrumental Performance. Rolling Stone magazine placed the album at number 2 on its list of the Best Albums of 2010 and "Everlasting Light" at number 11 on the its list of the Best Singles of 2010. The album was also featured on Spin magazine's Top 40 Albums of 2010.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} The four members of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section who had founded the Sound Studio were inducted into the Nashville-based Musicians Hall of Fame in 2008 and into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame in 1995, "as four of the finest studio musicians in the world", also receiving the Lifework Award in 2008. They had appeared on "more than 500 recordings, including 75 gold and platinum hits".[26][27] The studio is open for tours Monday - Saturday from mid-September to Memorial Day weekend and then open 7 days a week through mid-September. Over 42,000 people from 50 countries and every state in the U.S. have visited since it opened for tours again in 2013. The studio is a working recording studio at night. Dan Auerbach of the Black Keys did a solo project in March 2017. Grammy winning producer Dave Cobb of Nashville recorded rockers Rival Sons in April 2017. Actor Keiffer Sutherland recorded, along with Swamper David Hood, in May 2017. In 2018, Bishop Gunn released the first recording from the studio after the restoration, "Shine" from the album, Natchez. Donnie Fritz recently released tunes recorded at MSS on his, "June" album in conjunction with John Paul White and Single Lock Records. Original studio fateThe original studio building on Jackson Highway was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in June 2006.[28] In June 2013, the building was sold to the Muscle Shoals Music Foundation[29] whose goal was to establish a music museum in the historic building .[30][31][32] The foundation extensively restored the building and the studio. It was reopened as a tourist attraction, with plans for recording as well, on January 9, 2017.[4][33] According to a journalist who was a recent visitor, the restored studio is impressive: "Muscle Shoals Sound's interior appears much as it did in its prime. ... Some guitars and amps. A Hammond organ, Wurlitzer electric piano and black baby grand. The control room with recording console and analog tape machine ... There are isolation booths, for vocals, percussion and such..."[34] DocumentaryFilmmaker Greg Camalier premiered his documentary film Muscle Shoals at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2013.[9] It is about Muscle Shoals sound, and features Rick Hall, FAME Studios, and the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section (Swampers) who had founded the Muscle Shoals Sound Studios. The film includes interviews with Percy Sledge, Wilson Pickett, Aretha Franklin, Etta James, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Steve Winwood, Bono, Alicia Keys and many others. Selected recordings
See also
References1. ^{{NRISref|2008a}} 2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.alamhof.org/inductees/timeline/1995/muscle-shoals-rhythm-section/|title=Alabama Music Hall of Fame: Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section|website=www.alamhof.org|access-date=2016-08-07}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://landmarkhunter.com/181805-muscle-shoals-sound-studio/ |title=Muscle Shoals Sound Studio - Also known as: 3614 Jackson Highway |author=James Baughn|display-authors=etal|date=2017 |website= Landmark Hunter |publisher=Landmark Hunter |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=Reference number06000437}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news |author=Jay Reeves, The Associated Press |title=Fabled Muscle Shoals Sound Studio named top Alabama tourist attraction of 2017 |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/life/travel/fabled-muscle-shoals-sound-studio-named-top-alabama-tourist-attraction-of-2017 |newspaper=National Post |location=Toronto, Canada |date=January 3, 2017 |access-date=January 17, 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://alabama.travel/places-to-go/cypress-moon-studio |title=Cypress Moon Studio Historic Site |author= |date=2017 |website=Sweet Home Alabama |publisher=Alabama Travel |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=Muscle Shoals Sounds moved from its original location in 1978, converting this former Naval Reserve building on the Tennessee River to a multi-studio complex. Many internationally known artists recorded gold and platinum records here. The 1000 Alabama Avenue building now houses a film production company with the historic recording studio still in use.}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.songfacts.com/blog/writing/aretha_to_the_black_keys_the_muscle_shoals_story/ |title=ARETHA TO THE BLACK KEYS: THE MUSCLE SHOALS STORY |author=Carl Wiser |date=June 6, 2012 |website=Song Facts |publisher=Songfacts, LLC |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=they called Noel Webster and blocked off two weeks at Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, arriving with a truckload of Neill's gear in August.}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.al.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2016/12/alabamas_top_tourist_attractio.html |title=Alabama's top tourist attraction 2017: Muscle Shoals Sound Studio |author=The Associated Press |date=December 31, 2016 |website=AL.com |publisher=Alabama Media Group |access-date=January 17, 2017}} 8. ^1 {{cite news |last=Corey |first=Russ |date=June 21, 2013 |title= Foundation purchases 3614 Jackson Highway |url=http://www.timesdaily.com/news/local/foundation-purchases-jackson-highway/article_127ef32a-da1f-11e2-a98d-10604b9f1ff4.html |newspaper=Times Daily |location=Florence, Alabama |access-date=January 17, 2017}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.muscleshoalsthemovie.com/ |title=Muscle Shoals |author= |date=2012 |website=Muscle Shoals the Movie |publisher=Ear Goggles Productions Ltd. |access-date=January 17, 2017}} 10. ^{{cite news |last=Palmer |first=Robert |date=August 6, 2015 |title=Beats to renovate iconic Muscle Shoals Sound Studios |url=http://www.timesdaily.com/news/local/beats-to-renovate-iconic-muscle-shoals-sound-studios/article_67e4ea04-6291-56f4-aa5b-f9219531c811.html |newspaper=Times Daily |location=Florence, Alabama |access-date=January 17, 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.al.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2016/12/alabamas_top_tourist_attractio.html |title=Alabama's top tourist attraction 2017: Muscle Shoals Sound Studio |author=The Associated Press |date=December 31, 2016 |website=AL.com |publisher=Alabama Media Group |access-date=January 17, 2016 |quote=has been revamped with a 1970s feel that includes bright colors, retro chairs and a metal ashtray; the sign over the front door is once again bright blue. Vintage recording equipment fills the production booth.}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fox10tv.com/story/34220277/recording-tours-resume-at-muscle-shoals-sound-studio |title=Recording, tours resume at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio |last=Scharf |first=Lauren |date=January 9, 2017 |website=Fox 10 TV |publisher=WALA, Mobile |access-date=January 16, 2017 |quote=When we were closed down during renovations, people would just show up from all over the world.}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-muscle-shoals-rhythm-section-mn0001352027/biography |title=Artist Biography |last=Westergaard |first=Sean |date=2017 |website=AllMusic |publisher=AllMusic, RhythmOne group |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=often affectionately called "the Swampers" are widely regarded as one of the most important American recording studio "house bands" emerging in the golden age of rock and soul.}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.alamhof.org/inductees/timeline/1995/muscle-shoals-rhythm-section/|title=Alabama Music Hall of Fame :: Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section|website=www.alamhof.org|access-date=2016-08-07}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-muscle-shoals-rhythm-section-mn0001352027/biography |title=Artist Biography |last=Westergaard |first=Sean |date=2017 |website=AllMusic |publisher=AllMusic, RhythmOne group |access-date=January 17, 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.muscleshoalsthemovie.com/ |title=Muscle Shoals |author= |date=2012 |website=Muscle Shoals the Movie |publisher=Ear Goggles Productions Ltd. |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=At its heart is Rick Hall who founded FAME Studios. Overcoming crushing poverty and staggering tragedies, he brought black and white musicians together to create music that would last for generations while also giving birth to the unique 'Muscle Shoals sound' and the rhythm section 'The Swampers'.}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/Tales_From_the_Top_The_Rolling_Stones_Sticky_Fingers_1971 |title= Tales From the Top: The Rolling Stones' Sticky Fingers |last=Simons |first=Dave |date=January 30, 2009 |website=BMI |publisher=Broadcast Music, Inc. |access-date=January 17, 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.msmusicfoundation.org/history/ |title=HISTORY - It's In The Water |author= |date=2017 |website=MS Musicfoundation |publisher=MS Musicfoundation |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=In 1969 Rick Hall's house band, the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, left FAME and partnered with Jerry Wexler to found Muscle Shoals Sound Studio at 3614 Jackson Highway in Sheffield..}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/Tales_From_the_Top_The_Rolling_Stones_Sticky_Fingers_1971 |title= Tales From the Top: The Rolling Stones' Sticky Fingers |last=Simons |first=Dave |date=January 30, 2009 |website=BMI |publisher=Broadcast Music, Inc. |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=Rolling Stones arrived for an impromptu three-day session in December and proceeded to put the renegade studio on the map.}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.al.com/business/index.ssf/2013/06/post_44.html |title=Foundation purchases original Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, which recorded Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan and more |last=Berry |first=Luch |date=June 20, 2013 |website=AL Business |publisher=Alabama Media Group. |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=Noel Webster, who has owned the property the last 10 to 15 years}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.alamhof.org/inductees/timeline/1995/muscle-shoals-rhythm-section/ |title=Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section - 1995 Induction (Lifework Award) 2008|author= |date=2008 |website=Alabama Music Hall of Fame |publisher=Alabama Music Hall of Fame |access-date=January 18, 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/64002/historic-muscle-shoals-sound-studios-closes |title=Historic Muscle Shoals Sound Studios Closes |author= |date=February 23, 2005 |website=Billboard |publisher=Billboard |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=the last four years saw a sharp decline in outside projects. When computer and hard-disk recording really got cheap and better at the same time, it just knocked the socks off a lot of studios, [Muscle Shoals] included," he says. It was just a very difficult thing to compete with.}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.songfacts.com/blog/writing/aretha_to_the_black_keys_the_muscle_shoals_story/ |title=ARETHA TO THE BLACK KEYS: THE MUSCLE SHOALS STORY |author=Carl Wiser |date=June 6, 2012 |website=Song Facts |publisher=Songfacts, LLC |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=they called Noel Webster and blocked off two weeks at Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, arriving with a truckload of Neill's gear in August.}} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://alabama.travel/places-to-go/cypress-moon-studio |title=Cypress Moon Studio Historic Site |author= |date=2017 |website=Sweet Home Alabama |publisher=Alabama Travel |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=Muscle Shoals Sounds moved from it's [sic] original location in 1978, converting this former Naval Reserve building on the Tennessee River to a multi-studio complex. Many internationally known artists recorded gold and platinum records here. The building now houses a film production company with the historic recording studio still in use.}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/mark_neill_on_the_making_of_the_black_keys_brothers |title=Mark Neill on the Making of the Black Keys' 'Brothers' |last=Simons |first=Dave |date=October 10, 2011 |website=BMI |publisher=BMI |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=truckload of period gear culled from Neill's personnel collection}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.alamhof.org/inductees/timeline/1995/muscle-shoals-rhythm-section/ |title=Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section - 1995 Induction (Lifework Award) 2008|author= |date=2008 |website=Alabama Music Hall of Fame |publisher=Alabama Music Hall of Fame |access-date=January 18, 2017 |quote=appeared on classic recordings by top-name artists in virtually every musical genre.}} 27. ^{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |title=Kid Rock, Keith Richards Help Induct Crickets, Muscle Shoals into Musicians Hall of Fame |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/kid-rock-keith-richards-help-induct-crickets-muscle-shoals-into-musicians-hall-of-fame-20081029 |work=Rolling Stone |date=October 29, 2008}} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://landmarkhunter.com/181805-muscle-shoals-sound-studio/ |title=Muscle Shoals Sound Studio - Also known as: 3614 Jackson Highway |author=James Baughn|display-authors=etal|date=2017 |website= Landmark Hunter |publisher=Landmark Hunter |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=Reference number06000437}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://quadcitiesdaily.com.s140587.gridserver.com/?p=100700 |title=3614 Jackson Highway, the Deal Is Done |first=Lynn |last=McMillen |work=Quad-Cities Daily | date=June 20, 2013}} 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.al.com/business/index.ssf/2013/06/post_44.html |title=Foundation Purchases Original Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, Which Recorded Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan and More |first=Lucy |last=Berry |publisher=Advance Publications |work=Birmingham News |date=June 20, 2013}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.timesdaily.com/multimedia/historic-recording-console-arrives-at-muscle-shoals-sound-studio/video_b17a1df5-9c0f-5639-b69c-00e9029d1247.html|title=Historic recording console arrives at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio|first=Matt McKean Photo|last=Editor|work=timesdaily.com|accessdate=March 11, 2017}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.waaytv.com/appnews/muscle-shoals-sound-studio-restoration-on-track/article_d8f4ddf6-63cc-11e5-8854-ebd897b72ea8.html|title=Muscle Shoals Sound Studio restoration on track|first=Breken Terry|last=bterry@waaytv.com|work=waaytv.com|accessdate=March 11, 2017}} 33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.msmusicfoundation.org/tours/ |title=Muscle Shoals Sound Studios will OFFICIALLY OPEN Monday, January 9, 2017 |author= |date=January 3, 2017 |website=MSM Music Foundation |publisher=MSM Music Foundations |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=Hours: 10am – 4pm Monday-Saturday}} 34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.al.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2016/12/muscle_shoals_has_got_the_swam.html |title=Muscle Shoals has (still) got The Swampers: What music legends' lives are like now |last=Wake |first=Matt |date=December 19, 2016 |website=AL.com |publisher=Alabama Media Group |access-date=January 17, 2017 |quote=Recording at the studio will be offered on a limited basis}} 35. ^{{cite book |title=The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits |first=Joel |last=Whitburn |authorlink=Joel Whitburn |year=1992 |publisher=Billboard Books |isbn=978-0823082803}} External links
11 : National Register of Historic Places in Colbert County, Alabama|Recording studios in the United States|Bill Haley|Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area|Buildings and structures in Alabama|Museums in Colbert County, Alabama|Music museums in Alabama|Proposed museums in the United States|Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama|Entertainment companies established in 1969|1969 establishments in Alabama |
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