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词条 Mushahada
释义

  1. References

{{short description|Concept in Sufism}}Mushahada or Mushahida (contemplation, witnessing), derived from shuhud to witness, is a concept in Sufism. It is the vision 'of' or 'by' God so that the seeker of God may acquire yaqeen which can neither be inherited nor can it be gained through the intellect. The life of a Sufi or a seeker of God is meaningless without Mushahada because his goal is to remain ever-present in the vision of God.[1] The inverse of Mushahada is Hijab i.e. when the Divine Face is veiled which is considered a punishment for a Sufi. "Divine Love leads to Mushahida (the observation of Divinity) and possesses the Essence of the true mystic knowledge but the intellect has superficial knowledge only".[2]

Mushahida is the 'unity of vision (of Allah)' which takes over the seekers of Allah through the spiritual beneficence of their Murshid. In such a state, all they see through their spiritual eye or 'sight' is nothing save Allah. All perception appears to be Allah.[3]

According to a tradition related to the famous mystic Bayazid Bastami, he was asked about his age. He replied, “Four years.” He was asked for an explanation due to his answer to which he replied, “I have been veiled from God by this world for seventy years, but I have seen Him during the last four years; the period in which one is veiled does not belong to one’s life.”[4] "When the views, the viewed and the process of viewing-all are one, I wonder who is observing who is this observation."[5]{{Clarify|reason=Why is this quote here?|date=November 2015}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|last=Gardet|first=L.|title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition|work="Kashf"|accessdate=4 April 2011}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last=Mohammad Najib ur Rehman|first=Hazrat Sakhi Sultan|title=Sultan Bahoo:the Life and Teachings,|journal=Sultan ul Faqr Publications Regd,First Edition, {{ISBN|9789699795183}}|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlyMAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA235&dq=mushahida+sultan+bahoo&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=mushahida%20sultan%20bahoo&f=false|date=30 July 2015}}
3. ^{{cite journal|last=Ansari|first=Ali|title=Sufism and Beyond: Sufi Thought in the Light of Late 20th Century Science,|journal=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd, {{ISBN|9788185822723}}|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFWl4zWr_PsC&pg=PA93&dq=mushahida+meaning&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=mushahida%20meaning&f=false|date=30 July 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/mushahadah|title=Mushahadah, Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=britannica.com |date= |accessdate=}}
5. ^{{cite journal|last=Chaturvedi|first=B.K.|title=Agni Purana,|journal=Ghalib's Poetry on Mushahida (witnessing)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJSR4KA3Ac0C&pg=PA99&dq=mushahida&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=mushahida&f=false|date=30 July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}{{Sufism-stub}}

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