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词条 Mykines, Mykines
释义

  1. Population

  2. Transport

     Land  Sea  Air 

  3. Climate

  4. People from Mykines

  5. Facilities

  6. Economy

  7. History

  8. See also

  9. References

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Mykines
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Village
|motto =
|image_skyline =
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Faroe Islands
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_mapsize = 250
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Faroe Islands
|subdivision_type = State
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Kingdom of Denmark}}
|subdivision_type1 = Constituent country
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Faroe Islands}}
|subdivision_type2 = Island
|subdivision_name2 = Mykines
|subdivision_type3 = Municipality
|subdivision_name3 = Sørvágur
|
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
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|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
|population_as_of = 1 January 2012
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 14
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title =
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|timezone = GMT
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST = EST
|utc_offset_DST = +1
|coordinates = {{coord|62|06|15|N|7|38|46|W|region:DK|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = FO 388
|area_code =
|blank_name = Climate
|blank_info = ET
|blank1_name =
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|website =
|footnotes =
}}Mykines village (pronounced 'Mitch'ness');[2] {{lang-da|Myggenæs}}) is the only settlement on Mykines Island, the westernmost of the Faroe Islands. It is a beautiful little coastal village with bright houses with turf roofs, with an old turf-roofed stone Church dating from 1878, and a small stream flowing through the village.[3]

Population

Population of Mykines
Year17691801183418401845185518701890192519401953197719962001200620092012
Population 61 74 92 97 99 112 114 154 179 120 150 30 16 22 20 17 14

The population reached about 179 in 1925 and was still 150 in 1953.[4] Since then it has decreased, and it now fluctuates during the year with a permanent population of around twenty people being supplemented during summer when families who used to live on the island return to their houses for the summer vacation.[5]

It had a population of 14 in 2012.[6]

Transport

Land

Mykines Island has no roads: access to other parts of the island is on foot, using well-used footpaths. Mykines village, similarly, has no streets, and footpaths weave between the buildings. Residents use all-terrain vehicles to some extent.

Sea

The village has a small harbour, though the regularity of ferry services can be disrupted by inclement weather. A small ferry visits one to three times a day from 1 May to 31 August and again in one week of October, when the Faroese schools have holiday (and only if the weather allows it). The ferry is run by a private company and not like the other ferries by the public bus and ferry company Strandfaraskip Landsins (SSL). Every year boat owners can make an offer to SSL in order to run the ferry to Mykines.[7] In 2015 there was one boat called M/B Jósup, which transported tourists and locals from Sørvágur to Mykines and back again. During winter there is no ferry service, only helicopter.[5] From the harbour a steep footpath leads up to the village,[8] but there is also a simple funicular for goods transport. Some cruise ships visit Mykines, but they need to anchor at sea and use small boats to get ashore.

Air

It is possible to reach Mykines three to four times a week by helicopter operated by Atlantic Airways: Sunday, Wednesday and Fridays. In June, July and August it is also possible to take the helicopter to Mykines on Mondays.[9] They go from Vágar Airport to Mykines and back. When there is no boat, it is not possible for residents to leave Mykines and come back same day. There is a simple helipad at Mykines.

Climate

Mykines has a Tundra climate (Köppen climate classification ET), an oddity in most of the Faroe Islands, which mostly has a Subpolar oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfc).

{{Weather box
|location = Mykines, 105 m.a.s.l.
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 9.0
|Feb record high C = 9.5
|Mar record high C = 10.0
|Apr record high C = 12.5
|May record high C = 13.0
|Jun record high C = 15.0
|Jul record high C = 16.0
|Aug record high C = 16.0
|Sep record high C = 14.0
|Oct record high C = 11.5
|Nov record high C = 10.6
|Dec record high C = 9.5
|year record high C = 16.0
|Jan high C = 5.1
|Feb high C = 5.1
|Mar high C = 5.2
|Apr high C = 6.6
|May high C = 8.0
|Jun high C = 10.2
|Jul high C = 10.9
|Aug high C = 11.3
|Sep high C = 10.2
|Oct high C = 8.8
|Nov high C = 6.0
|Dec high C = 4.9
|year high C = 7.7
|Jan mean C = 3.5
|Feb mean C = 3.5
|Mar mean C = 3.5
|Apr mean C = 4.8
|May mean C = 6.2
|Jun mean C = 8.5
|Jul mean C = 9.2
|Aug mean C = 9.6
|Sep mean C = 8.7
|Oct mean C = 7.4
|Nov mean C = 4.6
|Dec mean C = 3.3
|year mean C = 6.1
|Jan low C = 1.7
|Feb low C = 1.5
|Mar low C = 1.5
|Apr low C = 3.0
|May low C = 4.7
|Jun low C = 7.1
|Jul low C = 7.8
|Aug low C = 8.2
|Sep low C = 7.3
|Oct low C = 5.7
|Nov low C = 2.7
|Dec low C = 1.5
|year low C = 4.4
|Jan record low C = -7.0
|Feb record low C = -11.0
|Mar record low C = -8.0
|Apr record low C = -10.0
|May record low C = -2.6
|Jun record low C = 1.0
|Jul record low C = 4.1
|Aug record low C = 4.2
|Sep record low C = 0.4
|Oct record low C = -5.0
|Nov record low C = -7.0
|Dec record low C = -7.0
|year record low C = -11.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 77
|Feb precipitation mm = 56
|Mar precipitation mm = 88
|Apr precipitation mm = 53
|May precipitation mm = 31
|Jun precipitation mm = 49
|Jul precipitation mm = 47
|Aug precipitation mm = 61
|Sep precipitation mm = 96
|Oct precipitation mm = 95
|Nov precipitation mm = 80
|Dec precipitation mm = 90
|year precipitation mm = 823
|Jan humidity = 82
|Feb humidity = 81
|Mar humidity = 83
|Apr humidity = 83
|May humidity = 84
|Jun humidity = 87
|Jul humidity = 86
|Aug humidity = 87
|Sep humidity = 85
|Oct humidity = 84
|Nov humidity = 81
|Dec humidity = 80
|year humidity = 84
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 25
|Feb precipitation days = 21
|Mar precipitation days = 26
|Apr precipitation days = 21
|May precipitation days = 19
|Jun precipitation days = 20
|Jul precipitation days = 21
|Aug precipitation days = 21
|Sep precipitation days = 23
|Oct precipitation days = 26
|Nov precipitation days = 26
|Dec precipitation days = 28
|year precipitation days = 278
|source 1 = Danish Meteorological Institute[10]
}}

People from Mykines

The first professional Faroese painter, S. J. Mikines was born in the village and drew inspiration from Mykines.

Facilities

A blue house at the entrance to the village bears a sign Kristianshús - the house is part guest house and part hostel. The rooms are small, the staircase steep and the hallways are narrow, but the accommodation is good.[2]

Kristianshús can accommodate up to forty people, with six double rooms, three rooms with three beds, two rooms with four beds and a dormitory with six beds. Meals, beer and wine are served in the cafeteria and packed lunches can be ordered. The local speciality is fried puffins.[11] The cafeteria has an attic room in which S. J. Mikines used to paint.[12]

Alternative accommodation is provided at Gula Husid.[2]

Economy

The economy is based on sheep farming and on tourism.

History

A brief history of Mykines can be summarised as follows:[4]

  • 625 - pollen analysis indicates oats and barley were grown on Mykines, possibly by early settlers such as monks and hermits
  • 1538 - the Reformation under King Christian III of Denmark
  • 1592 - Peter Claussøn Friis, a Norwegian priest, described the Faroese mouse as a distinct species, and the Mykines mouse as a subgroup having especially long powerful hind legs
  • 1595 - (approx) on 25 April, fifty boats were shipwrecked in a sudden storm and all the working men of Mykines lost their lives (estimated 200 to 300 men)
  • 1667 - Dutch ship Walcheren was wrecked on Mykines and the islanders gained goods from the ship
  • 1757 - a man lost his life birding
  • 1769 - records show 61 inhabitants on Mykines
  • 1792 - two men from Mykines lost their lives birding, possibly through being roped together; the practice of roping men together was discontinued after this
  • 1801 - population 74 in 17 houses
  • 1819 - a ship abandoned by its crew drifted ashore and the people got some timber
  • 1845 - population 99 in 19 houses
  • 1862 - (approx) the first fulmar chicks were caught and eaten
  • 1863 - Church was destroyed by a storm
  • 1877 - Church again destroyed by a storm
  • 1879 - new Church completed and consecrated
  • 1890 - population 154
  • 1892 - two young men lost their lives birding. About this time, adult fulmars started to be caught for food
  • 1895 - 26 January a boat from Mykines was shipwrecked and all six men on board lose their lives
  • 1896 - Mykines school opened
  • 1906 - famous painter S J Mikines was born on 22 February, baptised Samuel Elias Frederik Joensen, but later changed his name to Mikines
  • 1909 - building of the Lighthouse on Mykines Holm and construction of the first bridge over Holmgjogv, the narrow strait between Mykines and Mykines Holm
  • 1911 - 1 October Mykines made its own municipality with 3 members on the town council
  • 1925 - population 179, with 27 pupils in the school
  • 1927 - the first swimming pool on the Faroes was built on Mykines, just downstream of the waterfall in the north-east part of the village. Poul N. Pedersen, the school teacher, was the driving force behind the project, and he organised sport competitions on the island
  • 1927 - telephone service proposed but considered too expensive; an alternative facility via a communications link between the lighthouses on Mykines and Nolsoy was agreed
  • 1928 - radio beacons were installed at Nólsoy and Mykines lighthouses, making radio navigation possible for the first time, and Mykines got a telephone connection to the outside world
  • 1934 - 7 8 March Mykines men were among the 43 casualties when two ships from Tórshavn were shipwrecked off Iceland. A memorial stands above the village.
  • 1939 - a memorial listing Mykines people lost at sea was consecrated and can be seen in the Church
  • 1940 - first signs of war: unknown aircraft sighted. British military ordered all lighthouses to be switched off. Population 120.
  • 1941 - three air attacks damaged the lighthouse on Mykines Holm; assistant lighthouse keeper was wounded and was treated in Tórshavn hospital. The radio station was out of action for a short period
  • 1942 - in spring British forces completed a radar station on á Ólakletti in Liðarhaugi. In September a mine drifted ashore on Mykines, exploded and damaged some boathouses
  • 1943 - the first wavebreakers at the landing-place was built, entirely from hand-mixed concrete
  • 1945 - 17 May: lighthouses were switched on again and the radio transmission on Mykines and Nolsoy was resumed
  • 1950 - the second (outer) wavebreaker was built, again from hand-mixed concrete
  • 1953 - the second bridge over Holm Gjogv was built. Population about 150.
  • 1959 - a man fell to his death while sheep herding
  • 1961 - work started to build a ramp to haul the boats ashore in winter; the work extended over the summers of three years
  • 1963 - a man fell to his death while sheep herding
  • 1968 - Mykines power station was opened - the generators were started by the oldest inhabitant of Mykines at that time, Niclas Hansen, who was 94 years old
  • 1968 - visit by Crown Princess Margrethe and Prince Henrik of Denmark
  • 1970 - A Fokker F27 Friendship, with registration TF-FIL, from Flugfélag Íslands on flight from Bergen to Vágar Airport, crashed in bad weather on Mykines on 26 September. The captain and 7 passengers, all seated on the left side of the plane, where killed instantly. 26 passengers and crew survived, some with serious injuries. Three passengers hiked for an hour to reach Mykines village to alert the authorities. Most of the villagers went up the mountain to aid the survivors before the arrival of the Danish patrol vessel F348 Hvidbjørnen.[13][14] A marble memorial was placed in the Church.
  • 1970 - Mykines lighthouse was automated and the last man moved from the Holm, which had been occupied continuously from 1909 by a varying population of up to 22 people (including children).
  • 1971 - Danish Navy Alouette helicopter brought Christmas mail on 23 December since no boat had been able to land for some time due to bad weather. The helicopter engine failed so the crew stayed for Christmas. Mechanics flew in from Denmark on 28 December in two Sikorsky S-61 helicopters and repaired the Alouette. One Sikorsky could not leave because of technical problems, but the other two helicopters left on 2 January.
  • 1979-80 - new radio beacon and telecommunications facility constructed high on the island; materials transported by helicopter
  • 1981 - trial of scheduled passenger transportation by helicopter between July and October
  • 1981 - Anker Jørgensen, Prime Minister of Denmark, visited the island by helicopter on 20 August
  • 1983 - permanent scheduled passenger flights between the smaller islands started and has continued ever since
  • 1987 - a new ferry boat came into service - called Sulan like its 1927 predecessor
  • 1989 - the third bridge between Mykines and Mykines Holm came into use in June
  • 1990 - roads in Mykines village were asphalted
  • 1990 - Queen Margrethe of Denmark and Prince Henrik visited on 20 June
  • 1991 - three men lost their lives in a shipwreck south of Mykines
  • 1992 - hotel Kristianshus was inaugurated on 17 May; forty people were flown to Mykines by helicopter for the reception, including the Faroese minister for tourism
  • 1999 - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark, and Jonathan Motzfeldt, the Greenlandic "landsstyreformand" visited Mykines on 9 August
  • 2001 - the Icelandic president and the Faroese "lagmand" visited Mykines

See also

  • List of towns in the Faroe Islands
  • Mykines

References

1. ^
2. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Faroe Islands Travel Guide - Faroe Islands Things To Do|work=VirtualTourist|url=http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Faroe_Islands/Things_To_Do-Faroe_Islands-R-1.html|year=2006|accessdate=2006-07-03}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Excursion to mykines|url=http://www.giljanes.fo/excursion_to_mykines_.htm|work=Á Giljanesi|accessdate=2006-07-03|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011091329/http://www.giljanes.fo/excursion_to_mykines_.htm|archivedate=2007-10-11|df=}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|author=Karsten Larsen|year=2006|title=Events in the history of Mykines|work=Mykines & Kristianshús|url=http://heima.olivant.fo/~mykines/mykkrogb.htm|accessdate=2006-07-04}}
5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Mykines|work=Faroeislands.dk All villages on the Faroe Islands|url=http://faroeislands.dk/pages/MykinesIndex.htm|author=Jón Fossá|accessdate=2006-07-02}}
6. ^Fólkatal {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054023/http://heini.fo/old/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=99&Itemid=46 |date=2013-09-21 }} - Municipality website
7. ^36 Mykines - Sørvágur {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621211010/http://www.ssl.fo/en/timetable/ferry/36-mykines-soervagur |date=2015-06-21 }} (SSL.fo)
8. ^{{cite web |title=The Faroe Islands |work=Walkingworld |url=http://www.walkingworld.com/home/index.asp?id=33&nid=195 |year=2005 |accessdate=2006-07-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218004935/http://www.walkingworld.com/home/index.asp?id=33&nid=195 |archivedate=February 18, 2006 |df= }}
9. ^[https://www.atlanticairways.com/en/helicopter/timetable Atlantic.fo Timetable]
10. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/Rapporter/TR/1998/tr98-14.pdf| title = The Climate of The Faroe Islands - with Climatological Standard Normals, 1961-1990| publisher = Danish Meteorological Institute| accessdate = November 17, 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|author=Karsten Larsen|year=2006|title=About Kristianshús|work=Mykines & Kristianshús|url=http://heima.olivant.fo/~mykines/krhusgb.htm|accessdate=2006-07-04}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/holiday/destinations/faroe_islands/index.shtml|title=Destinations - Faroe Islands|work=BBC - Holiday|author=BBC|year=2005|accessdate=2006-07-05 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060529200413/http://www.bbc.co.uk/holiday/destinations/faroe_islands/index.shtml |archivedate = 2006-05-29}}
13. ^{{cite news |title=Sex Íslendingar meðal 34 um borð |url=http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=1414867 |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=Morgunblaðið |date=27 September 1970 |page=1 |language=Icelandic}}
14. ^{{cite news |title=Átta létust í flugslysinu í Færeyjum |url=http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=3686080 |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=Tíminn |date=29 September 1970 |pages=1, 3 |language=Icelandic}}

1 : Populated places in the Faroe Islands
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