| 词条 | Mykola Khvylovy |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox writer | name = Mykola Khvylovy | image = Mykola Khvylovy.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Mykola Fitilov | pseudonym = Khvylovy | birth_date = December 1, 1893 | birth_place = Trostyanets, Russian Empire | death_date = May 13, 1933 (age 39) | death_place = Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR | occupation = writer, poet, security officer | nationality = Ukrainian | language = Ukrainian | period = 1921-1933 | genre = novel | subject = | movement = impressionism, socialist realism | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = }} Mykola Khvylovy ({{Lang-ua|Микола Хвильовий}}, {{IPA-uk|mɪˈkɔɫɐ xvɪlʲoˈvɪj}}) ({{OldStyleDate|December 13|1893|December 1}} – May 13, 1933) was a Ukrainian writer and poet of the early Communist era Ukrainian Renaissance (1920–1930). BiographyBorn as Mykola Fitilyov in Trostyanets, Kharkov Governorate to a Russian laborer father and Ukrainian schoolteacher mother. In 1916 he graduated from the Bohodukhiv Gymnasium, in 1919 he joined the Communist Party. In the same year he became the chief of local Cheka in Bohodukhiv povit. He moved to Kharkiv in 1921 and involved himself with writers connected to Vasyl Blakytny and the paper Visti VUTsVK (news from All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee). In 1921, with Volodymyr Sosiura and Maik Yohansen, he signed the literary manifesto ‘Our Universal to the Ukrainian Workers and Ukrainian Proletarian Artists’ (published in the collection Zhovten’). In the same year his poem ‘V elektrychnyi vik’ (In the Electrical Age) and his poetry collection Molodist’ (Youth) were published. In 1922, he began to focus more on prose writing. His initial collections Syni etiudy (Blue Etudes, 1923) and Osin’ (Autumn, 1924) generated approval from critics like Serhiy Yefremov, {{ill|Oleksander Biletsky|uk|Білецький Олександр Іванович}}, {{ill|Volodymyr Koriak|uk|Коряк Володимир Дмитрович}}, {{ill|Yevhen Malaniuk|uk|Маланюк Євген Филимонович}} and Dmytro Dontsov. His impressions of the work as a CheKa officer are reflected in his 1924 novel "I (Romance)", the hero of which - the head of the local Cheka - sentenced his mother to death in the name of the ideals of the revolution. Briefly a brief member of the literary organization {{ill|Hart (literary organization)|uk|Гарт (літературна організація)|lt=Hart}} (Hardening), Khvylovy later became critical of it and became a key leader of the VAPLITE organization of Ukrainian "proleteriat" writers. In April 1933 the secret police arrested Mykhailo Yalovy – former head of VAPLITE, closest companion and ally of Khvylovy. Yalovy died in prison. Because of Stalin's repressions against his friends in the pro-Ukrainian Communist movement, Khvylovy committed suicide on 13 May 1933 in front of his friends in his apartment in Kharkiv. His suicide note said: "Arrest of Yalovy - this is the murder of an entire generation ... For what? Because we were the most sincere Communists? I don't understand. The responsibility for the actions of Yalovy's generation lies with me, Khvylovy. Today is a beautiful sunny day. I love life - you can't even imagine how much. Today is the 13th. Remember I was in love with this number? Terribly painful. Long live communism. Long live the socialist construction. Long live the Communist Party."[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721224952/http://mnwtkp.info/referat/750/752.html] After his death, his works were banned in the Soviet Union and because of his symbolic potency were mostly not permitted until near the end or after the collapse of the Soviet Union. WorksKhvylovy wrote both poetry and short stories. His short stories are best known for their difficult narrative forms and complicated imagery. A novel, titled Valdshnepy (The Woodsnipes), remained unfinished and unpublished when he died. Its second part — the first published in Vaplite in 1927 — had been confiscated. He wrote a number of pamphlets presenting his views of the connection between politics and art. He advocated an orientation toward cultural trends in Western Europe in order in loosen Ukraine's dependence on Russian forms and inspiration. His pamphlets created a major controversy and divided representatives of the budding Ukrainian literary scene and created tensions with the authorities.In the second series, Dumky proty techyi (Thoughts against the Current), which appeared in Kul’tura i pobut in November–December 1925 and separately in 1926, Khvylovy further developed his argument against the ‘cult of epigonism.’ By adopting a psycho-intellectual orientation on Europe, he argued, Ukrainians can enter onto their own path of development. External links{{wikisource author}}
{{S-start}}{{Succession box | title=Director of Chervony Shliach | before=Mykhailo Yalovy | after=Volodymyr Zatonsky | years=1927}}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Khvylovy, Mykola}} 9 : 1893 births|1933 deaths|People from Trostianets Raion, Sumy Oblast|People from Kharkov Governorate|Communist Party of the Soviet Union members|Ukrainian writers|Cheka|Ukrainian male writers|Suicides by firearm in the Soviet Union |
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