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词条 Mzungu
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. Everyday use

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{lang|sw|Mzungu}} ({{IPA-sw|m̩ˈzuŋɡu|pron}}) is a Bantu language term used in the African Great Lakes region to refer to people of European descent. It is a commonly used expression among Bantu peoples in Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Comoros, Mayotte and Zambia, dating back to the 18th century.

Etymology

Literally translated {{lang|sw|mzungu}} meant "someone who roams around" or "wanderer."[1] The term was first used in the African Great Lakes region to describe European explorers in the 18th century, apparently because they moved around aimlessly. The word mzungu comes from Kiswahili, where {{lang|sw|zungu}} or {{lang|sw|zunguka}} is the word for spinning around on the same spot. {{lang|sw|Kizunguzungu}} is Kiswahili for a dizziness.[2] The term is now used to refer to "someone with white skin" or "white skin", but can be used to refer to all foreigners more generally.[3] The word {{lang|sw|mzungu}} in Swahili can also mean someone who speaks English.

The possessive {{lang|sw|kizungu}} (or {{lang|sw|chizungu}}) translates as "behaving rich". However, in some areas, such as in Rwanda and Burundi, it does not necessarily refer to the colour of one's skin. Traditionally, Europeans were seen to be people of means and rich and so the terminology was extended to denote affluent persons regardless of race. It would therefore not be unusual to find any employer being referred to as {{lang|sw|mzungu}}. In the Bantu Swahili language, the plural form of {{lang|sw|mzungu}} is {{lang|sw|wazungu}}.[4][5][6] The plural form may be used to confer a respect, such as the use of the term {{lang|ny|azungu}} to refer to individual foreigners in Malawi's Chichewa language.[7][8] The possessive {{lang|sw|kizungu}} (or {{lang|ny|chizungu}}) translated literally means "of the wanderers". It has now come to mean "language of the wanderers" and more commonly English, as it is the language most often used by {{lang|sw|wazungu}} in the African Great Lakes area. However it can be used generally for any European language. {{lang|sw|Wachizungu}}, {{lang|sw|bachizungu}}, etc. – literally "wandering people" – have come to mean people who adopt the Western culture, cuisine and lifestyle.[1]

Everyday use

{{lang|sw|Mzungu}} can be used in an affectionate or insulting way. It is used in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi and Burundi. It is often called out by children to get the attention of a passerby.[9][10][11] For example, in Malawi, it is common for people to use the casual greeting {{lang|sw|Azungu boh!}} to individuals or groups of foreigners.[7]
Regional variations
LanguageSingularPluralPossessive
Swahili in the African Great Lakessw|Mzungu}}sw|Wazungu}}sw|Kizungu}}
Shikomori in Comorosswb|Mzungu}}swb|Wazungu}}swb|Chizungu}}
Luganda in Ugandao{{lang>lg|Muzungu}}a{{lang>lg|Bazungu}}lg|Kizungu}}
Chichewa in Malawiny|Mzungu}}ny|Azungu}}ny|Chizungu}}
Chinyanja in Zambiany|Mzungu}}ny|Bazungu}}ny|Chizungu}}
Kinyarwanda in Rwanda / Kirundi in Burundirw|Umuzungu}}rw|Abazungu}}rw|ikizungu}}
Bemba in Zambia and Democratic Republic of the Congobem|Musungu}}bem|Basungu}}bem|Chisungu}}
Kisii language in Kenyaguz|Omusongo}}guz|Abasongo}}guz|Ebisongo}}
Sena in Mozambiqueseh|Muzungu}}seh|Azungu}}
Shona in Zimbabwesn|Murungu}}sn|Varungu}}
isiZulu in South Africazu|Umlungu}}zu|Abelungu}}

See also

  • {{lang|mi|Pākehā}}, similar term in Māori
  • Gringo, similar term in Latin American Spanish

References

1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://swahilitime.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-meaning-of-word-mzungu-maana-ya.html |title=Swahili Time |author=Chemi Che-Mponda |work=swahilitime.blogspot.com |accessdate=23 September 2015 }}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://muzungubloguganda.com/about-the-muzungu/muzungu-definition/|title=What is a muzungu? Definition. |work=Diary of a Muzungu - Uganda travel blog |accessdate=23 September 2015 }}
3. ^ . What is a muzungu?. Retrieved on 2018-07-14.
4. ^H-Net Discussion Networks – Etymology of the term muzungu: reply. H-net.msu.edu (2002-09-19). Retrieved on 2011-05-28.
5. ^The Wandering Wazungu. Travelblog.org. Retrieved on 2011-05-28.
6. ^Notas. The Janissary Stomp. Retrieved on 2011-05-28.
7. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.peacecorps.gov/malawi/stories/12-words-youll-hear-malawi/ |title=The 12 Words You'll Hear in Malawi |publisher=Peace Corps |accessdate=14 July 2018 }}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/content/BPL_Images/Content_store/WWW_Content/9780631226949/27Chap25.pdf |title=Chichewa (Bantu) |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |accessdate=14 July 2018 }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201312270036.html |title=Rwanda: A Mzungu's Thoughts On Justine Sacco |work=allAfrica.com |accessdate=23 September 2015 }}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.steamboattoday.com/news/2013/dec/27/mary-walker-christmas-kenya/ |title=Mary Walker: Christmas in Kenya |work=steamboattoday.com |accessdate=23 September 2015 }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=16--sm53nX4C&pg=PR2 |title=Tanzania |publisher=Rough Guides |author=Jens Finke |date=2003 |accessdate=23 September 2015 }}

External links

{{wiktionary|mzungu}}
  • "Mzungu! Mzungu! Mzungu! Give me my money" Ugandan experiences from Ian Anderson
{{White people terms}}

5 : Swahili words and phrases|European diaspora in Africa|African people of European descent|Ethnonyms|White culture in Africa
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