| 词条 | Nabadwip |
| 释义 |
{{Infobox settlement | name = Nabadwip | nickname = Oxford of East Spiritual Capital of The World | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India | coordinates = {{coord|23.42|N|88.37|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = West Bengal | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Nadia | established_title = Established | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = Municipality | governing_body = Nabadwip Municipality | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 9.81 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 14 | population_total = 125,543 | population_urban = 175,474 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Bengali, English | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 741302 | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = 03472 | registration_plate = WB 52 | blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency | blank1_info_sec1 = Ranaghat | blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency | blank2_info_sec1 = Nabadwip | blank3_name_sec1 = MLA | blank3_info_sec1 = Pundarikakhya Saha | blank4_name_sec1 =MP | blank4_info_sec1 = Tapas Mandal | website = {{URL|nadia.nic.in/}}{{URL|http://www.nabadwipmunicipality.org/}} | footnotes = }}Nabadwip ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|n|æ|b|ə|ˈ|d|w|i:|p}}) is a city and a municipality in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a holy place where Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was born. Located on the western bank of the Hooghly River, it is considered to have been founded in 1063 AD, and served as the old capital of the Sena dynasty. A center of learning and philosophy in medieval India, the city is still noted for its traditional Sanskrit schools.[1] The Navya Nyaya school of logic reached its peak with the efforts of some well known contemporary philosophers of Nabadwip. The great Vaishnava saint, social reformer and an important figure of the Bhakti movement, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1533) was born here, for whose sake, this place has turned into an important center of pilgrimage for the Vaishnavs worldwide as well as the Hindus in general. Many devotees who adhere to the Gaudiya Vaishnavism come to Nabadwip for pilgrimage on the auspicious occasion of the Birthday celebration of Shri Mahaprabhu on the Phalguni Purnima (i.e. on the Full moon day of the March every year), and for various festivals in relation to Leelas of Shri Mahaprabhu like Sri Nabadwip-mandala Parikrama and other festivities like Dol yatra, Ras purnima Gaura-purnima.[2] The Bhagirathi river originally flowed down the west of Nabadwip in the past, forming a natural boundary between the districts of Purba Bardhaman and Nadia. With time it has shifted its course to where it is at present, cutting the city off from the rest of the Nadia district. HistoryPrior to Gour, Nabadwip was the capital of Sena dynasty during the reigns of Ballal Sen and Lakshman Sen. They ruled Bengal from here in the period from 1159 to 1206.[3] In 1202, Nabadwip was attacked and invaded by Bakhtiyar Khilji who plundered Nabadwip. The Lakshman Sen, the old King, being afraid left the Capital. This victory paved the way for Muslim rule in Bengal.[4] Nabadwip and Nadia were great centres of learning and intellectual prowess. For five centuries, it was referred to as "Oxford of East".[5] [6][7][8] EtymologyThe name of the city is derived from the conjugation of the Bengali words /naba/ (new) and /dwipa/ (island) meaning New-island. In the down stream of the river Ganga, the alluvial deposits carried over during its course that starts at the Himalayas, were gradually deposited, forming a new island which is present day's Nabadwip. The name Nabadwip and Nadia has the same connotation of the same geographical location flanked at west and north by the Ganga at earlier times. The claim that the name Nabadwip refers to an area comprising nine islets has no ground. There are many historical references in this respect. Actually the misconception around the nomenclature of the name "Nabadwip" arose since the publication of the book "Bhakti Ratnakar" of Narahari Chakraborty. Narahari Chakraborty's claim, however, is not supportable from the perspective of geographical definition of the term Island. He might have made-up the idea of "nine islands" since "naba" in Bengali also means 'nine'. Hence "Nabadwip" i.e. nine islands, namely Antardwip, Simantadwip, Rudradwip, Madhyadwip, Godrumdwip, Ritudwip, Jahnudwip, Modadrumdwip, and Koladwip. However again, it is to mention that all these islands are loosely scattered over a vast geographical area that the Historians do not approve of the idea as being "Nabadwip". Nabadwip Metropolitan Areas
DemographicsIn the 2011 census, Nabadwip Urban Agglomeration had a population of 175,474, out of which 90,810 were males and 84,664 were females. The 0–6 years population was 8,388.In education section, total literates in Nabadwip city are 102,793 of which 55,569 are males while 47,224 are females. Average literacy rate of Nabadwip city is 87.75 percent of which male and female literacy was 91.14 and 84.07 percent. Total children (0-6) in Nabadwip city are 8,388 as per figure from Census India report on 2011. There were 4,329 boys while 4,059 are girls. The child forms 6.68% of total population of Nabadwip City. [9] {{see also|List of cities in West Bengal}}{{As of|2001}} India census,[10] Nabadwip had a population of 115,036. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Nabadwip has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 70%. In Nabadwip, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.ReligionsHinduism is majority religion in Nabadwip city with 98.97% followers. Islam is second most popular religion in city of Nabadwip with approximately 0.79% following it. In Nabadwip city, Christianity is followed by 0.04%, Jainism by 0.00%, Sikhism by 0.01% and Buddhism by 0.00%. Around 0.01% stated Other Religion, approximately 0.18% stated No Particular Religion. {{Pie chart|thumb = right |caption = Religion in Nabadwip (2011)[11] |label1 = Hinduism |color1 = #FF6600 |value1 = 98.97 |label2 = Islam |color2 = Green |value2 = 0.79 |label3 = Christianity |color3 = DodgerBlue |value3 = 0.04 |label4 = Sikhism |color5 = Gold |value4 = 0.01 |label5 = Buddhism |color4 = Maroon |value5 = 0.00 |label6 = Jainism |color6 = Pink |value6 = 0.00 |label7 = Other Religions |color7 = Black |value7 = 0.01 |label8 = No Particular Religion |color8 = Gray |value8 = 0.18 }} Police stationNabadwip police station has jurisdiction over Nabadwip municipality and Nabadwip CD Block.[12][13] The total area covered by the police station is 102.94 km2 and the population covered is 260,843 (2001 census).[14] EducationThere are a total of 18 high and higher secondary schools in Nabadwip, Notables among them are Nabadwip Bakultala High School, Nabadwip Hindu School (1873),Nabadwip Siksha Mandir (H.S), R.C.B Saraswatmandir, Jatiya Vidyalaya, Tarasundari Girls High School, Nabadwip Bakultala Girls High School, Nabadwip Balika Vidyalaya ,Sudarshan High School and Techno India School e.t.c There is a college namely Nabadwip Vidyasagar College (in the name of the Great Social Reformer and the Father of Bengali Prose) affiliated under University of Kalyani. ClimateIn summer, i.e. from April to June, the weather remains hot and temperature ranges from maximum of 35 °C to minimum of 26 °C. Monsoon season prevails during beginning-June to mid-September. Also retrieving monsoon from mid-October till mid-November[15] The weather is quite pleasant, the summers and winters are moderate. The level of moisture increases during summers. {{Weather box|location= Nabadwip |metric first= yes |single line= yes |Jan high C= 26 |Feb high C= 29 |Mar high C= 34 |Apr high C= 37 |May high C= 37 |Jun high C= 35 |Jul high C= 33 |Aug high C= 33 |Sep high C= 33 |Oct high C= 33 |Nov high C= 31 |Dec high C= 27 |Jan low C= 12 |Feb low C= 15 |Mar low C= 20 |Apr low C= 24 |May low C= 25 |Jun low C= 26 |Jul low C= 25 |Aug low C= 25 |Sep low C= 25 |Oct low C= 23 |Nov low C= 18 |Dec low C= 13 |rain colour= green |Jan rain mm= 1 |Feb rain mm= 2 |Mar rain mm= 3 |Apr rain mm= 4 |May rain mm= 107 |Jun rain mm= 243 |Jul rain mm= 377 |Aug rain mm= 321 |Sep rain mm= 280 |Oct rain mm= 129 |Nov rain mm= 1 |Dec rain mm= 1 |Jan rain days= 4 |Feb rain days= 3 |Mar rain days= 4 |Apr rain days= 6 |May rain days= 12 |Jun rain days= 18 |Jul rain days= 23 |Aug rain days= 22 |Sep rain days= 18 |Oct rain days= 11 |Nov rain days= 3 |Dec rain days= 1 |Jan humidity = 63 |Feb humidity = 55 |Mar humidity = 52 |Apr humidity = 58 |May humidity = 65 |Jun humidity = 75 |Jul humidity = 83 |Aug humidity = 83 |Sep humidity = 81 |Oct humidity = 74 |Nov humidity = 66 |Dec humidity = 65 |Jand sun = 6.6 |Febd sun = 7.1 |Mard sun = 7.3 |Aprd sun = 7.8 |Mayd sun = 7.3 |Jund sun = 4.1 |Juld sun = 3.0 |Augd sun = 3.4 |Sepd sun = 3.9 |Octd sun = 5.9 |Novd sun = 6.4 |Decd sun = 6.6 |source= }} Medical AssociationThere are also a number of medical associations-
Festival{{See also|Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Bhaktivinoda Thakur}}Festivals which are popular in Nabadwip
Although Ratha Yatra is the mzin festival of Odisha still Nabadwip have a pride of Ratha Yatra because of Chaitanya Deb. Nearly 20-25 Ratha Chariots are bloom in this occasion. here in Nabadwip one can found some exceptions like full hand idols of Lord Jagannatha. Here another speciality is a fruit called "Notkona" which is specially found in this eve, mainly brought from Assam. This Fruit is a vital part of Eastern part of Bengali.
Library
TransportNabadwip Dham railway station is the main railway station of Nabadwip, it is situated 105 km from Howrah on the Bandel-Katwa Branch Line.[17]Bishnupriya Halt is another railway station of Nabadwip, 107 km from howrah junction and 38 km from katwa junction. Nabadwip Dham is 65 km from Bandel,105 km from Howrah and 112 km from Sealdah on the Bandel-Katwa-Azimganj section of Eastern Railway.[18] It has very good railway communication with North Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Odisha and Kolkata.[19] Rail stationIt has 2 railway stations as Nabadwip Dham (NDAE), Bishnupriya Halt (VSPR) of Howrah Division . Bus servicesNabadwip- Thakurnagar via Krishnanagar, Shantipur, Fulia, Ranaghat, Chakdha, Haringhata, Ukrah, Gaighata. Nabadwip- Burdwan Via Nadanghat, Kusumgram Nabadwip- Benachity Via Nadanghat, Kusumgram, Burdwan, panagarh Nabadwip- Asansol Via Nadanghat, Kusumgram, Burdwan, Durgapur Nabadwip- Burnpur Via Nadanghat, Kusumgram, Burdwan, Durgapur, Asansol Nabadwip- Bankura Via Nadanghat, Kusumgram, Burdwan, Durgapur Nabadwip- Kalna Via Samudragarh Nabadwip- Tarapith Via Katwa Nabadwip- Tarakeswar Via Memari Nabadwip- Rampurhat Via Katwa Nabadwip- Basirhat Via Ranaghat, Habra Nabadwip- Balurghat Via Baharampur, Malda Nabadwip- Siliguri Via Baharampur, Malda Nabadwip- Barasat Via Ranaghat Nabadwip- Kalyani Via Ranaghat Nabadwip- Memari Via Kalna, India Nabadwip- Pandua, Hooghly Via Kalna, India Nabadwip- Dinhata Via Berhampur, Maldah, Coochbehar Nabadwip- Gangarampur Via Berhampur, Maldah Nabadwip- Barakar Via Nadanghat, Kusumgram, Burdwan, Durgapur, Asansol Nabadwip- Bajitpur Via Nadanghat, Kusumgram, Burdwan, Durgapur Karimpur- Burdwan via Krishnagar, Nabadwip Santipur- Benachiti via Nabadwip, Burdwan Maldah- Burdwan via Krishnagar, Nabadwip, Berhampur Krishnanagar- Puruliya via Nabadwip, Burdwan, Durgapur, Bankura Krishnanagar- Bolpur via Nabadwip, Katwa, Kirnahar Ranaghat- Benachiti via Santipur, Krishnanagar, Nabadwip, Burdwan References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/406781/Navadwip |title=Navadwip |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}} {{Nadia District}}{{Nadia topics}}{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}2. ^{{cite journal | author = Ro'sel, J.A. | year = 1990 | title = The Evolution And Organization Of Pilgrimage To Jagannstha At Purt}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://nadia.nic.in/Tourism-Details/tourism-details.html|title=Tourism-Details|author=|date=|website=nadia.nic.in|accessdate=5 April 2018}} 4. ^Tourist Department {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209210539/http://www.wb.nic.in/westbg/nabadwip.html |date=9 February 2010 }} 5. ^Cotton, H.E.A., Calcutta Old and New, 1909/1980, p1, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 6. ^[https://sites.google.com/site/nabadwiptown/about-nabadwip], About Nabadwip. 7. ^ , Oxford of east. 8. ^[https://physicsnvcollege.simdif.com/about.html], Physics Department of NVC. 9. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | publisher = |accessdate = 2011-10-21 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/206-nabadwip.html|title=Nabadwip Religion 2011|accessdate=22 March 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia | work = Table 2.1 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 17 May 2017 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php | archivedate = 29 July 2017 | df = dmy-all }} 13. ^{{cite web| url = http://nadiapolice.gov.in/ |title = Nadia District Police |work = Police Unit | publisher= West Bengal Police| accessdate = 17 May 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web | url = http://nadiapolice.gov.in/PSDETAILS.html | title = Nabadwip Police Station Details | work = | publisher = Nadia Police | accessdate = 17 May 2017 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160329131028/http://nadiapolice.gov.in/PSDETAILS.html | archivedate = 29 March 2016 | df = dmy-all }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Krishnanagar.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Krishnanagar, India|author=|date=|website=www.fallingrain.com|accessdate=5 April 2018}} 16. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/district/nodia-murshidabbad/worship-of-lord-jagannath-followed-by-a-different-style-in-nabadwip-1.636993?ref=nodia-murshidabbad-new-stry|title=আজ উল্টোরথ, নবদ্বীপে বিরলদৃষ্ট জগন্নাথ থাকেন নিভৃতেই|first=দেবাশিস|last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়|date=|website=anandabazar.com|accessdate=5 April 2018}} 17. ^Railway local time table 18. ^Eastern Railway time table. 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com|title=India Rail Info: A Busy Junction for Travellers and Rail Enthusiasts|author=|date=|website=indiarailinfo.com|accessdate=5 April 2018}} 2 : Cities and towns in Nadia district|Former capital cities in India |
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