“Nacionalista Party”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Nacionalista Party ({{lang-fil|Partido Nacionalista}}) is the oldest political party in the Philippines and in Southeast Asia responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907, being the ruling party from 1935 to 1944 (under President Manuel Quezon), 1944–1946 (under President Sergio Osmeña), 1953–1957 (under President Ramon Magsaysay), 1957–1961 (under President Carlos P. Garcia) and 1965–1972 (under President Ferdinand Marcos).

Ideology

The Nacionalista Party was initially created as a Filipino nationalist party that supported Philippine independence until 1946 when the United States granted independence to the country.^[3]^[4]^[8] Since then, many scholarly articles that dealt with the history of political parties during the Third Republic agreed that the party has been increasingly populist,^[1]^[2]^[6]^[7]^[8] although some argued they had conservative^[3]^[9] tendencies because of their opposition to the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party. The populist ideology of the party remained to present day as described on their website.

History

The original Nacionalista Party that was founded on August 21, 1901 in Calle Gunao, Quiapo, Manila, was forgotten. In that Quiapo Assembly, the following officers of the true Nacionalista were elected, namely Santiago Alvarez and Pascual Poblete as presidents; Andres Villanueva, vice president; Macario Sakay, secretary general; Francisco Carreon, Alejandro Santiago, Domingo Moriones, Aguedo del Rosario, Cenon Nicdao, Nicolas Rivera, Salustiano Santiago, Aurelio Tolentino, Pantaleon Torres, Valentin Diza, Briccio Pantas, Lope K. Santos, Pio H. Santos, Salustiano Cruz, Valentin Solis and Jose Palma.

The party began as the country's vehicle for independence, through the building of a modern nation-state and the advocacy of efficient self-rule, dominating the Philippine Assembly (1907–1916), the Philippine Legislature (1916–1935) and the pre-war years of the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935–1941). During the Japanese occupation, political parties were replaced by the KALIBAPI.

By the second half of the century, the party was one of the main political contenders for leadership in the country in competition with the Liberals and the Progressives during the decades between the devastation of World War II and the violent suppression of partisan politics of the Ferdinand Marcos dictatorship.

In 1978, in a throwback to the Japanese occupation political parties were asked to merge into the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, although the Nacionalistas preferred to go into hibernation. Eventually, the party was revived during the late 1980s and early 1990s by the Laurel family, which has dominated the party since the 1950s. The Nacionalista Party is now being led by party president and former Seanator Manuel Villar and had three vice presidential candidates running independently or in tandem with other political parties (Alan Peter Cayetano, Bongbong Marcos and Antonio Trillanes) in the 2016 general elections. Two of the other present parties, the Liberal Party and the Nationalist People's Coalition are breakaways from the Nacionalista Party.^[10]

Electoral performance

President

Vice president

Senate

House of Representatives

Notable Nacionalistas

Past

Throughout their careers, many of the country's politicians, statesmen and leaders were in whole or in part Nacionalistas. Notable names include the following:

Most of these individuals embody solid political traditions of economic and political nationalism are pertinent today, even with the party's subsequent decline.

Current

Some members of the House of Representatives and Senate include—but are not limited to—the following:

Nacionalista-affiliated parties

Candidates for Philippine general election, 2010

Candidates for Philippine general election, 2013

Candidates for Philippine general election, 2016

Candidates for Philippine general election, 2019

Nacionalista Party presidents

Controversy over dominant-minority status

During the 2010 general election, the Nacionalista and the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) formed an alliance after it was approved by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) on April 12, 2010.^[16] The Nacionalistas fielded Senator Manuel Villar and running with fellow Senator Loren Legarda who is a member of the NPC. It became the dominant minority party after a resolution passed by the COMELEC. On April 21, 2010, it was blocked by the Supreme Court after a suit filed by the rival Liberal Party.^[16] On May 6, 2010, the Supreme Court nullified the merger and therefore giving the Liberal Party to be the dominant minority party. It was based on a resolution by the COMELEC giving political parties to be accredited by August 17, 2009.^[17]

The coalition was made to help the Nacionalista Party to help boost the presidential campaign of Senator Villar and have a chance to be the dominant minority party by the COMELEC which give the rights to poll watchers during the canvassing of votes.^[18] However, it is being challenged by the Liberal Party calls the said alliance a bogus alliance and they are seeking the same party status by the COMELEC.<^[16] Several local races are also being challenged from both parties, therefore causing confusion in those races.^[18]

See also

External links

References

1. ^¹Bertrand, J. (2013). [https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=AYMYAAAAQBAJ Political Change in Southeast Asia]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2. ^¹²Berneo, N.; Yashar, D. (2016). [https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=Z9hsDQAAQBAJ Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World]. New York: Cambridge University Press USA.
3. ^¹Guillermo A. [https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=wmgX9M_yETIC Historical Dictionary of the Philippines]. Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
4. ^¹Liow, J.; Leifer, M. (1995). [https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=G5KLBQAAQBAJ Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia]. New York: Routledge. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
5. ^This is the party's current standing, although it has a bloc in the Senate.
6. ^¹²Celoza, A. [https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=Sp3U1oCNKlgC Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism]. Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
7. ^Simbulan, D. (2005). [https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=55ZQdJG1G6IC The Modern Principalia: The Historical Evolution of the Philippine Ruling Oligarchy]. Quezon City: UP Press.
8. ^Del Rosario, Simon G. (1973). [https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=-Pw4AQAAIAAJ An Integrated Course on Communism and Democracy]. SGR Research & Pub.
9. ^¹[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=nrAaAQAAMAAJ Philippine Journal of Public Administration, Volumes 34-35] (1990). UP College of Public Administration. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
10. ^¹²³⁴Dayley, Robert (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YCrTDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA195& Southeast Asia In The New International Era]. Avalon Publishing. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
11. ^Laurel was member of the NP before 1942 and from 1945–1959. During his tenure as President, he was affiliated with KALIBAPI.
12. ^During the 1946 presidential election, Roxas, who is a member of the liberal-wing of the NP, formed the Liberal Party and eventually moved there.
13. ^Moved to the Liberal Party during the 1946 presidential election.
14. ^In 1978, Marcos left the NP and formed his own political party known as the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL).
15. ^Estrada was a member of the NP during his term as Senator. In 1991, he formed his own party known as the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP).
16. ^¹²{{cite web|title=NP-NPC coalition formally granted (5:15 p.m.)|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/network/np-npc-coalition-formally-granted-515-pm|work=Sun.Star Cebu|last=Alvarez|first=Kathrina|date=12 April 2010|accessdate=15 April 2010}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=SC nullifies NP-NPC coalition|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20100506-268401/SC-nullifies-NP-NPC-coalition|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|last=Torres|first=Tetch|date=6 May 2010|accessdate=9 May 2010}}
18. ^¹{{cite web|title=NP-NPC coalition complicates fight in the local level|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/network/np-npc-coalition-formally-granted-515-pm|work=Manila Standard Today|last=Maragay|first=Fel V.|date=1 March 2010|accessdate=15 April 2010}}