| 词条 | Narodna Odbrana |
| 释义 |
|name = Narodna Odbrana |type = revolutionary organization |caption = Narodna Odbrana seal |image = |size = 100px |motto = All for Serbdom and the Fatherland |formation = October 8, 1908 |purpose =
|key_people = Jovan Dučić and Branislav Nušić |location = Balkans }} Narodna Odbrana ({{lang-sr-cyr|Народна одбрана}}, literally, "The People's Defence" or "National Defence") was a Serbian nationalist organization established on October 8, 1908 as a reaction to the Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the time, it was concerned with the protection of ethnic Serbs in Austria-Hungary. To achieve their goals, the Narodna Odbrana spread propaganda and organized paramilitary forces. Among the notable founders and members of the organization were Jovan Dučić and Branislav Nušić. IdeologyAt the beginning of the 20th century, the Serbs throughout the Balkans sought unification under a single state. In addition to the Kingdom of Serbia and the Principality of Montenegro, two states with predominantly ethnic Serb populations that didn't yet share a common border, many more Serbs lived within the borders of neighbouring Austria-Hungary (specifically Bosnia-Herzegovina condominium, Croatia-Slavonia, and southern part of Hungary) as well as Ottoman Empire (Bosnia Vilayet, Kosovo Vilayet, Sanjak of Novi Pazar, and to a lesser extent in parts of Monastir Vilayet and Salonica Vilayet). With the Austria-Hungarian 1908 annexation of Bosnia (where there was a heavy concentration of Serbs) as well as the resulting Annexation Crisis, the Serbs expressed a need for cultural and territorial protection, which gave rise to the Narodna Odbrana. A 1911 pamphlet named Narodna Odbrana Izdanje Stredisnog Odbora Narodne Odbrane (Народна одбрана издање стредисног одбора народне одбране) focused on six main points:[1]
The pamphlet makes it clear that hatred of Austria-Hungary was not the aim of the group, but instead, it was a natural consequence of the desire for independence and unity within a single nation. The Central Committee of the Narodna Odbrana was located at Belgrade. Balkan WarsImmediately after annexation of Vardar Macedonia to the Kingdom of Serbia, the Macedonians were faced with the policy of forced serbianisation.{{sfn|Djokić|2003|p=123}}[2] The population of Macedonia was forced to declare as Serbs. Those who refused were beaten and tortured.[3] According to the Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, members of the Narodna Odbrana have committed serious war crimes against the civilian population.[4] In Skopje there was a central committee of "National Defense". A population of Skopje called their headquarters "Black House", after the "Black Hand", secret organization that stood behind them. In the "black house" disloyal individuals were taken and beaten.[4] Members
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=The Narodna Odbrana|website=The World War I Document Archive|publisher=Brigham Young University Library|url=https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/The_Narodna_Odbrana}} 2. ^{{cite book|author=R. J. Crampton|title=Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century - and After|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SGnKpNf2RbAC&pg=PA20|year=1997|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-16423-8|pages=20–}}< 3. ^Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars (p. 53) 4. ^1 Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars (p. 169) Sources{{refbegin}}
External links
18 : Kingdom of Serbia|Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina|History of Austria-Hungary|Ottoman period in the history of North Macedonia|Paramilitary organizations based in Serbia|Anti-Bulgarian sentiment|Greater Serbian ideology|Serbian war crimes in the Balkan Wars|Military units and formations established in 1908|1900s establishments in Serbia|History of the Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs of the Ottoman Empire|Austria-Hungary–Serbia relations|Serb organisations|Defunct political organizations in Serbia|Serbian nationalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbian nationalism in North Macedonia|Revolutionary organizations against the Ottoman Empire |
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