| 释义 |
- History Parnall Aircraft
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- See also
- Note
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{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}Nash & Thompson was a British engineering firm that developed and produced hydraulically operated gun turrets for aircraft. As part of Parnall Aircraft it was also an important manufacturer of hydraulic-powered radar scanners used on radar systems such as H2S and AI Mark VIII. Nash & Thompson also designed the hydraulically-powered turret traversing systems that were used in British Cruiser tanks from the A9 - the first tank with a powered turret traverse - through to the Cromwell. History Nash & Thompson was established in 1929 at Kingston upon Thames by business partners Archibald Goodman Frazer Nash and Esmonde Grattan Thompson[1] Nash & Thompson developed the hydraulic gun turrets that Frazer-Nash invented and his designs were consequently numbered in a series prefixed with "FN". Parnall AircraftIn May 1935 they formed Parnall Aircraft taking over George Parnall & Company and Hendy Aircraft Company. Thompson was appointed managing director and Frazer Nash technical director.[2] The company's major competition in the UK was from Boulton & Paul, which had licensed the designs of the French company S.A.M.M. (Societe d'Application des Machines Motrices). The FN turrets used hydraulic power produced by the aircraft's engine: the BP designs used individual hydraulic pumps for each turret supplied from the aircraft's 24-volt electrical system. Products Nash & Thompson built a wide range of turrets for aircraft. All were powered hydraulically and carried 0.303 inch (7.7 mm) Vickers K or Browning machine guns, except where noted. Many were built by Parnall Aircraft with which they merged in 1935.[3] {{Expand list|date=August 2008}}- FN-1 – "lobster back" partially enclosed turret for Hawker Demon
- FN-4A – four-gun rear turret
- FN-5 – two-gun nose turret on Avro Manchester, Short Stirling and Vickers Wellington
- FN-5A – two-gun nose turret on Avro Lancaster
- FN-7 – two-gun dorsal turret on Blackburn Botha, Manchester, Short Sunderland, Stirling
- FN-9 – two-gun retractable "dustbin" ventral turret on Wellington, rarely fitted.
- FN-10 – two-gun tail turret on early-model Wellington and Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
- FN-11 – two-gun retractable nose turret in Sunderland
- FN-13 – four-gun tail turret in Sunderland
- FN-16 – single Vickers 'K' gun front turret in Whitley
- FN-17 – two-gun retractable "dustbin" ventral turret on Whitley, rarely used
- FN-20 – four-gun tail turret on Lancaster, Wellington, Stirling and Whitley
- FN-21A – two-gun retractable "dustbin" ventral turret on Manchester, rarely used
- FN-25 – two-gun retractable "dustbin" ventral turret for the Wellington I based on the FN-17
- FN-50 – two-gun dorsal turret ("Centre Gun Turret") on Lancaster, late-model Stirling
- FN-51 – two-gun dorsal turret on early-model Handley Page Halifax
- FN-54 – two-gun rearward firing chin turret on Bristol Blenheim Mk.IV and Bristol Beaufort
- FN-64 – two-gun ventral turret ("Under Gun Turret") on Lancaster with periscopic sight, rarely fitted
- FN-77 – retractable ventral turret fitted with Leigh Light for the Wellington and Warwick based on the FN-25
- FN-82 – two-gun (0.5 inch (12.7 mm) Browning) tail turret on late-model Lancaster
- FN-120 – four-gun tail turret; refinement of the FN-20 weighing {{convert|40|lb|kg|abbr=on}} less; used on late-model Lancaster and Wellington
- FN-121 – four-gun tail turret on late-model Lancaster fitted with Village Inn gun-laying radar; also used without AGLR on Wellington and Warwick
- FN-150 – an improved two-gun dorsal turret, based on the FN-50, and fitted to many Lancasters
See alsoNote1. ^Esmonde Grattan Thompson died Roquebrune, Cap-Martin 19 January 1960, Managing Director of Parnall Aircraft. Obituary, The Times, Wednesday, Jan 20, 1960; pg. 15; Issue 54673
2. ^Parnall Aircraft Limited. The Times, Monday, May 27, 1935; pg. 23; Issue 47074
3. ^The Times, Wednesday, Jan 20, 1960; pg. 15; Issue 54673
References- Notes
- Bibliography
{{refbegin}}- Tarring, Trevor and Mark Joseland. Archie Frazer-Nash ... Engineer. London: The Frazer Nash Archives, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-9570351-0-2}}.
{{refend}} External links - Gun turrets including FN types
- {{YouTube|iZWUKaUx5iU&t|"Gun Turret Drills"}}
- "Power-Operated Gun Turrets" a 1940 Flight article by A. Frazer-Nash
{{Cobham plc}}{{Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nash and Thomson}} 2 : Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom|Manufacturing companies established in 1929 |