| 词条 | Natalia Alexeievna (Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt) |
| 释义 |
| name = Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna | title = Tsarevna of Russia | image = Natalia Alexeievna of Russia by A.Roslin (1776, Hermitage).jpg | caption = Portrait by Alexander Roslin, Hermitage Museum | reign = | coronation = | predecessor = | successor = | titles = HIH The Tsarevna of Russia HIH Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia HH Princess Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt | spouse = {{marriage|Paul Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia|1773}} | issue = Stillborn son | house = Hesse-Darmstadt | father = Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt | mother = Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1755|6|25}} | birth_place = Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Prussia | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1776|4|26|1755|6|25}} | death_place = St. Petersburg, Russian Empire | place of burial = |}} Natalia Alexeievna, Tsarevna of Russia (25 June 1755 – 26 April 1776) was the first wife of Paul Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (future Tsar Paul I), son of the Empress Catherine II. She was born as Princess Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt in Prenzlau, Uckermark, Brandenburg, Prussia as the fifth child of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and his spouse Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken. Journey to RussiaIn 1773, the Empress Catherine II of Russia was looking for a suitable wife for her son Paul and turned to King Frederick II of Prussia for "recommendations". The King thought about the remaining three unmarried daughters of the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. Their eldest sister Frederica was married to the heir to Prussian throne and so, an alliance to Prussia would be a beneficial outcome. Unable to decide which one was worthy, the Empress sent an invitation to Wilhelmine, her sisters Amalie and Louise, and their mother to visit Russia. Hurriedly, the three Princesses studied to perfect their French, worked on their dancing, practiced dropping deep curtseys, and completed their wardrobes. Their first stop was in Berlin where from there a flotilla of four ships, sent by the Empress Catherine, took them to Russia. It was the Grand Duke Paul's best friend, young Andrei Razumovsky, who commanded the frigate that carried the young ladies and their mother. He was immediately captivated by these charming passengers, and was particularly taken with Wilhelmine. She was not insensible to the admiration of Andrei. Two days after arriving in Russia, the Grand Duke Paul chose Wilhelmine to be his wife. Wilhelmine was very pretty, gay and exuberant, and Paul was very delighted with her. Their betrothal was celebrated with great ostentation and Wilhelmine changed her religion and her given name: she became Natalia Alexeievna. On 29 September 1773, the wedding took place in the church of the Nativity of the Mother of God. TsarevnaDuring the first few months of her marriage, Natalia's gaiety and spontaneity animated the whole court. The Empress was delighted with her initially, but as time passed difficulties started to appear. Paul and Natalia's marriage was a failure. Paul's mother wrote that Natalia "loves extremes in all things. She will listen to no advice, and I see in her neither charm, nor wit, nor reason." Natalia refused to learn Russian and schemed to help Paul win the throne. She felt such a need to accede to power because of her disappointment in her life as a woman, and also disappointment with her husband. She fell in love with the charming Andrei Razumovsky and the two started an affair. Unfortunately for Natalia, the whole court knew of her infidelities. Andrei was supposed to be sent away from the palace but Paul, who knew nothing of the situation, protested against his best friend's departure. At the same time, Natalia was pregnant, and Catherine didn't seem to care if the child was Paul's or Andrei's. Natalia was carrying the heir to the Russian throne, and for Catherine, that was all that mattered. DeathNatalia finally delivered a stillborn son, after a long and painful labour, on 15 April 1776. The infant was enormous and although it was impossible for Natalia to safely deliver the child, the court doctors did not perform a Caesarian. Shortly after the delivery, Natalia died. Her husband, Paul, was mad with grief and insisted on keeping her with him. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt |2= 2. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |3= 3. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken |4= 4. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |5= 5. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg |6= 6. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken |7= 7. Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken |8= 8. Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |9= 9. Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach |10=10. Johann Reinhard III of Hanau-Lichtenberg |11=11. Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach |12=12. Christian II of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld |13=13. Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein |14=14. Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken |15=15. Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg |16=16. Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |17=17. Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg |18=18. Albrecht II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach |19=19. Sophie Margaret of Oettingen-Oettingen |20=20. Johann Reinhard II of Hanau-Lichtenberg |21=21. Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler |22=22. Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach |23=23. Johanne Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach |24=24. Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld |25=25. Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken |26=26. Johann Jakob, Count of Rappoltstein |27=27. Anna Klaudie of Salm |28=28. Gustav Adolph, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken |29=29. Eleonore Klare of Hohenlohe |30=30. Henry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg |31=31. Juliana Dorothea of Castell-Remlingen }} Bibliography
10 : 1755 births|1776 deaths|People from Prenzlau|Duchesses of Holstein-Gottorp|House of Hesse-Darmstadt|Russian grand duchesses by marriage|Recipients of the Order of Saint Catherine|Deaths in childbirth|Landgravines of Hesse-Darmstadt|Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Protestantism |
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