| 词条 | Diogenes of Apollonia |
| 释义 |
| region = Western philosophy | era = Pre-Socratic philosophy | birth_date = 5th century BCE | birth_place = Apollonia Pontica | death_date = 5th century BCE | death_place = | school_tradition = Pre-Socratic | main_interests = Metaphysics | influences = | influenced = | notable_ideas = Air is the arche }} Diogenes of Apollonia ({{IPAc-en|d|aɪ|ˈ|ɒ|dʒ|ə|ˌ|n|iː|z}}; {{lang-grc-gre|Διογένης ὁ Ἀπολλωνιάτης}}; fl. 5th century BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, and was a native of the Milesian colony Apollonia in Thrace. He lived for some time in Athens. His doctrines are known chiefly from Diogenes Laërtius and Simplicius. He believed air to be the one source of all being, and, as a primal force, to be intelligent. All other substances are derived from it by condensation and rarefaction. Aristotle has preserved a long passage by Diogenes concerning the organization of the blood vessels. LifeDiogenes was a native of the Milesian colony Apollonia Pontica in Thrace, present-day Sozopol on the Black Sea.[1] His father's name was Apollothemis. Nothing is known of the events in his life, except that he lived some time in Athens. Diogenes Laërtius states that "great jealousy nearly put his life in danger in Athens," but there may be confusion with Anaxagoras who is mentioned in the same passage.[2] Like all the physiologoi (natural philosophers), he wrote in the Ionic dialect. In The Clouds of Aristophanes,[3] it is thought that some views of Diogenes are transferred to Socrates. WorksHis most famous work was On Nature (Περὶ Φύσεως, Peri Physeos), some fragments of which are preserved, chiefly by Simplicius. Diogenes, like Anaximenes, believed air to be the one source of all being, and all other substances to be derived from it by condensation and rarefaction. This he modified by the theories of his contemporary Anaxagoras, and asserted that air, the primal force, was intelligent:
The nature of the universe is air, limitless and eternal, from which, as it condenses and rarefies and changes its properties, the other forms come into being.[5] Among his other doctrines, he is said to have believed that there was an infinite number of worlds, and infinite void; that air, densified and rarefied, produced the different worlds; that nothing was produced from nothing, or was reduced to nothing; that the Earth was round, supported in the middle, and had received its shape from the whirling round of the warm vapours, and its concretion and hardening from cold.[2] The longest surviving fragment of Diogenes is that which is inserted by Aristotle in the third book of his History of Animals.[6] It contains a description of the distribution of the blood vessels in the human body. It is notable chiefly because "here we can read at first hand what in the case of the other Presocratics we learn only indirectly: an attempt to describe in scientific detail the structure and organization of the physical world."[7] Diogenite meteorites are named for Diogenes of Apollonia, who was the first to suggest an outer space origin for meteorites: With the visible stars revolve stones which are invisible, and for that reason nameless. They often fall on the ground and are extinguished, like the stone star that came down on fire at Aegospotami.[8] Notes1. ^Kirk, Raven, & Schofield, The Presocratic Philosophers (Cambridge, 1983, 2nd edition), p. 434. The alternative view, not accepted by many modern scholars, is that the Apollonia in question was the Cretan city that originally was Eleutherna. 2. ^1 Diogenes Laërtius, ix. 57 3. ^Aristophanes. The Clouds, 264 if. 4. ^Frag. B 5. Simplicius, Commentary on the Physics, 152 5. ^Simplicius, Commentary on the Physics, 25.1-9 6. ^Frag. B 6. Aristotle History of Animals, 511-12 7. ^Jonathon Barnes, Early Greek Philosophy, page xlviii. Penguin Books 8. ^Aetius, ii. 13. 9 References
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8 : 5th-century BC Greek people|5th-century BC philosophers|Ancient Greek metaphysicians|Ancient Thracian Greeks|Ionic Greek writers|Metic philosophers in Classical Athens|Presocratic philosophers|People from Sozopol |
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