1. History

2. Projects
    Golden Quadrilateral  North–South and East–West Corridor  National-Green-Highway-Mission 

3. Criticism

4. New Numbering System

5. National Green Highways Program

6. See also

7. References

8. External links

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, responsible for management of a network of over 50,000 km of National Highways out of 1,15,000 km in India.^[4] It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. NHAI has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Space Research Organisation for satellite mapping of highways.^[5].

History

The NHAI was created through the promulgation of the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988. Section 16(1) of the Act states that the function of NHAI is to develop, maintain and manage the national highways and any other highways vested in, or entrusted to, it by the Government of India. Yogendra Narain was the first Chairman of NHAI in 1988. He is a retired IAS officer of Uttar Pradesh cadre. In February 1995, the Authority was formally made an autonomous body.^[6] It is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of National Highways, totaling over {{convert|92851.05|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length.^[7] The NHAI is also responsible of the toll collection on several highways.^[8]

Projects

The NHAI has the mandate to implement the National Highways Development Project (NHDP). The NHDP is under implementation in Phases.^[7]

• Phase I: Approved in December 2000, at an estimated cost of INR 300 Billion, it included the Golden Quadrilateral (GQ), portions of the NS-EW Corridors, and connectivity of major ports to National Highways.
• Phase II: Approved in December 2003, at an estimated cost of INR 343 Billion, it included the completion of the NS-EW corridors and another {{convert|486|km|mi|abbr=on}} of highways.
• Phase IIIA: This phase was approved in March 2005, at an estimated cost of INR 222 Billion, it includes an upgrade to 4-lanes of {{convert|4,035|km|mi|abbr=on}}of National Highways.
• Phase IIIB: This was approved in April 2006, at an estimated cost of INR 543 Billion, it includes an upgrade to 4-lanes of {{convert|8,074|km|mi|abbr=on}} of National Highways.
• Phase V: Approved in October 2006, it includes upgrades to 6-lanes for {{convert|6,500|km|mi|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|5,700|km|mi|abbr=on}} is on the GQ. This phase is entirely on a DBFO basis.
• Phase VI: This phase, approved in November 2006, will develop {{convert|1,000|km|mi|abbr=on}} of expressways at an estimated cost of INR 167 Billion.
• Phase VII: This phase, approved in December 2007, will develop ring-roads, bypasses and flyovers to avoid traffic bottlenecks on selected stretches at a cost of INR 167 Billion.

NHAI helps in implementing Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for North Eastern Region (SARDP-NE); a project to upgrade National Highways connecting state capitals to 2 lane or 4 lane in north eastern region.^[9]

Golden Quadrilateral

The Golden Quadrilateral is a highway network connecting many of the major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of India. A quadrilateral of sorts is formed by connecting Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi and Mumbai, and hence its name. The largest highway project in India and the fifth longest in the world was launched in 2001 by Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee and was completed in 2012.^[10] It is part of the first phase of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) and consisted of building {{convert|5846|km|mi|abbr=on}} four/six lane express highways at a cost of {{INRConvert|600|b}}.^[11]

North–South and East–West Corridor

The North–South and East–West Corridor is part of the second phase of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) and consists of building {{convert|7142|km|mi}} of four/six lane expressways connecting Srinagar in the north and Kanyakumari in the south, Porbandar in the west and Silchar in the east, at a cost of US$12.317 billion (at 1999 prices).^[12]

National-Green-Highway-Mission

The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), Government of India has promulgated Green Highways (Plantations, Transplantations, Beautification and Maintenance) Policy – 2015 on 29th September 2015 to develop green corridors along National Highways for sustainable environment and inclusive growth.The policy envisions"development of eco-friendly National Highways with participation of the communities, farmers, NGOs, private sector, institutions, government agencies and the Forest Departments for economic growth and development in a sustainable manner."

Under the aegis of the Policy, development of green corridors is proposed along developed and upcoming National Highways in the width available in existing Right of Way (ROW) in the form of median and avenue plantations.

Roadside plantations have immense potential to enhance the green cover of nation and generate employment opportunities for rural community. Green Highways Division - under National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has been entrusted with the task of planning, implementation and monitoring roadside plantations along one lakh km network of National Highways which would in turn generate one lakh direct employment opportunity in plantations sector in next ten years.For effective project planning, implementation and monitoring GHD has developed Guidelines and Vision Document.^[13]

Criticism

A 2012 report prepared by the World Bank’s Institutional Integrity Unit alleged that fraudulent and corrupt practices were being followed by Indian contractors working on national highway projects funded by it, and sought a thorough investigation into the matter.^[16] The report also alleged that contractors paid bribes and gifts, including gold coins, to "influence the actions" of officials and consultants of the National Highways Authority of India.^[14]

Local bodies and major road owners - including PWD and National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) - were criticized for depending on old technologies and outdates specifications for building and relaying roads.^[15]

New Numbering System

In March 2010, Government of India issued a new list of numbered routes with rationalized and systematic numbering. The odd numbered routes are drawn horizontally, with numbers increasing from northern to southern parts of India. The even numbered routes are, similarly, drawn vertically going north to south, with numbers increasing from eastern to western parts of India.

National Green Highways Program

Ministry of Transport and NHAI has launched the green highways program.in 2016.^{[16][17][18][19][20]}

See also

• List of National Highways in India
• Inland Waterways Authority of India
• Transport in India
• Motorways of Pakistan
• FASTag

References

External links

• National Highways Authority of India

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