词条 | National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company (NIORDC) is part of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran. NIORDC was established on 8 March 1991 and undertook to perform all operations relating to refining and distribution of oil products. Although NIORDC was formed in the 1990s, the company has actually inherited 90 years of Iran’s oil industries' experiences in the fields of refining, transfer and distribution of oil products, as well as, engineering and construction of installations of oil industries. Responsibilities and duties (as of 2009)
Installations and capabilities{{See also|National Iranian Petrochemical Company}}As of 2010, NIORDC had 19 subsidiaries and affiliated companies, including 9 oil existing refineries.[1] Between 2007 and 2012, oil refining capacity for crude oil and gas condensate would increase from {{convert|1600000|oilbbl/d}} to {{convert|3300000|oilbbl/d}}.[2] By 2009, Iran had a total refining capacity of {{convert|1860000|oilbbl/d}}.[3]
Other facilities:
Fuel imports{{See also|2007 Gas Rationing Plan in Iran|Labor and tax laws in Iran#Smuggling|Sanctions against Iran|l2=Smuggling in Iran}}Major gasoline suppliers to Iran historically have been India, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, the Netherlands, France, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates.[9][10] The Financial Times reported that Vitol, Glencore, Trafigura and other (western) companies had since stopped supplying petrol to Iran because of international sanctions.[11] In 2006, Vitol, a MNC based in Switzerland, supplied Iran with 60% of its total gasoline cargo imports.[9]
New facilities{{see also|List of oil refineries#Iran|Iranian Economic Reform Plan}}After completion of 7 new refineries and improvement to the existing refineries at a cost of $26 billion; along with the implementation of the subsidy reform plan to cut demand, it is possible that Iran would cease being a gasoline importer by 2010-2011 and will become a net exporter by 2013-2015.[18][22][23][24] While the country remains dependent on small gasoline and diesel imports, net gasoline imports in 2013 averaged only 33 000 bpd. This compares to refined product imports of 182 000 bpd in 2009, of which two thirds was gasoline (approximately 132 000 bpd).[25] As of 2015, except for the Persian Gulf Star Refinery in Assalouyeh, all plans for the building of 13 new oil refineries have been abandoned "due to technical and financial issues" according to Iranian media.[26]
Planned in 2011, Qeshm refinery (capable of processing heavy crude oil) will have an output capacity of 30,000 barrels a day of light oil products and will become operational by 2014.[31] Policy
Subsidiary companies{{See also|Privatization in Iran#Oil, gas and petrochemicals|l1=Privatization of the petroleum industry in Iran}}The NIORDC subsidiaries are as follows:
See also{{Portal|Iran|Companies}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://niordc.ir/index.aspx?siteid=77&pageid=359|title=NIORDC - National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company|publisher=NIORDC|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://en.niordc.ir/index.aspx?siteid=77&siteid=77&pageid=963|title=NIORDC - National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company|publisher=NIORDC|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 3. ^Statistical review of world energy full report 2010 BP. 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Iran/Oil.html|title=Iran|publisher=U.S. Energy Information Administration|accessdate=6 February 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331224530/http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Iran/Oil.html|archivedate=31 March 2008|df=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shana.ir/162624-en.html |title=Iran’s Gasoline Production to Rise by 23 ml/d Next Year|publisher=Shana|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://presstv.com/detail/177768.html|title='Tehran Refinery to get Euro-5 standard'|work=PressTV|date=2 May 2011|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=108259§ionid=351020103|title=US and Europe left out as Iran's gas output soars|work=PressTV|date=9 October 2009|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.com/detail/156258.html|title=$1bn invested to improve Iran's gasoline|work=PressTV|date=20 December 2010|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 9. ^1 https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/107234.pdf 10. ^{{cite news|last=Kittrie |first=Orde F.|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122654026060023113?mod=googlenews_wsj|title=How to Put the Squeeze on Iran|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=13 November 2008|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8F5PBdgqqF_rE10ZY088CBvTqdg|title=World's biggest oil trader ends supplies to Iran: company|work=AFP|date=8 March 2010|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 12. ^1 http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9104254519 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=107132§ionid=351020103|title='17 percent of daily fuel production smuggled abroad'|work=PressTV|date=26 September 2009|accessdate=6 February 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515213758/http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=107132§ionid=351020103|archivedate=15 May 2012|df=}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/23/AR2010062303770.html|title=Iran is ready for planned U.S. sanctions targeting fuel imports, analysts say |work=The Washington Post|date=23 June 2010|accessdate=6 February 2012|first1=Thomas|last1=Erdbrink|first2=Colum|last2=Lynch}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/10/jun/1083.html|title=Sanctions And Iran's Achilles Heel|work=Payvand|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/10/sep/1269.html|title=Iran Claims It Has Started Exporting Gasoline|work=Payvand|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 17. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_md49UCw1U&feature=c4-overview&list=UUyM62OUafVbdcyqxpyMAiAA 18. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=136026§ionid=351020103|title=Iran gasoline exporter by 2015: Report|publisher=PressTV|date=26 July 2010|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 19. ^http://www.payvand.com/news/14/apr/1023.html 20. ^http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/110844-iran-plans-to-import-10-million-liters-of-indian-premium-gasoline-per-day 21. ^http://en.mehrnews.com/news/120510/Iran-halves-gasoline-imports 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20090103051557/Iran%20to%20Become%20Gasoline%20Exporter%20by%202013%20 |title=Iran to Become Gasoline Exporter by 2013|work=Zawya|date=3 January 2009|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 23. ^New Refineries Planned Iran Daily. 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=136510§ionid=351020103|title=Iran to export gasoline in four years|work=PressTV|date=28 July 2010|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 25. ^http://tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/119119-iran-on-verge-of-fuel-self-sufficiency-business-monitor-international- 26. ^http://presstv.com/Detail/2015/07/06/419012/iran-gasoline-refineries-nioc-import 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/08/dec/1157.html |title=Iran: Construction of 7 refineries moving ahead|work=Payvand|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 28. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://niordc.ir/index.aspx?siteid=77&siteid=77&pageid=980 |title=NIORDC - National Iranian Oil Refining & Distribution Company|publisher=NIORDC|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 29. ^{{cite journal|title=Country Overview|journal=Iran Investment|date=November 2010|volume=4|issue=50|url=http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Nov10.pdf|accessdate=26 January 2014}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=228488|title=Iran’s first private refinery |work=Tehran Times|accessdate=6 February 2012}} 31. ^{{cite journal|title=Market Overview|journal=Iran Investment|date=October 2011|volume=6|issue=61}} External links
3 : Oil and gas companies of Iran|Government agencies established in 1991|1991 establishments in Iran |
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