| 词条 | National Research Act |
| 释义 |
| shorttitle = National Research Act | othershorttitles = National Research Service Award Act of 1974 | longtitle = An Act to amend the Public Health Service Act to establish a program of National Research Service Awards to assure the continued excellence of biomedical and behavioral research and to provide for the protection of human subjects involved in biomedical and behavioral research and for other purposes. | colloquialacronym = | nickname = National Biomedical Research Fellowship, Traineeship, and Training Act | enacted by = 93rd | effective date = July 12, 1974 | public law url = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg342.pdf | cite public law = 93-348 | cite statutes at large = {{usstat|88|342}} | acts amended = | acts repealed = | title amended = 42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare | sections created = | sections amended = {{unbulleted list|{{Usc-title-chap|42|6A|I}} § 218|{{Usc-title-chap|42|6A|II}} § 241|{{Usc-title-chap|42|6A|III}} §§ 289l-1, 289l-3}} | leghisturl = http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d093:HR07724:@@@R | introducedin = House | introducedbill = {{USBill|93|H.R.|7724}} | introducedby = Paul G. Rogers (D–FL) | introduceddate = May 10, 1973 | committees = House Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Senate Labor and Public Welfare | passedbody1 = House | passeddate1 = May 31, 1973 | passedvote1 = 354-9 | passedbody2 = Senate | passedas2 = | passeddate2 = September 11, 1973 | passedvote2 = 81-6 | conferencedate = June 24, 1974 | passedbody3 = Senate | passeddate3 = June 27, 1974 | passedvote3 = 72-14 | agreedbody3 = | agreeddate3 = | agreedvote3 = | agreedbody4 = | agreeddate4 = | agreedvote4 = | passedbody4 = House | passeddate4 = June 28, 1974 | passedvote4 = 311-10 | signedpresident = Richard Nixon | signeddate = July 12, 1974 | unsignedpresident = | unsigneddate = | vetoedpresident = | vetoeddate = | overriddenbody1 = | overriddendate1 = | overriddenvote1 = | overriddenbody2 = | overriddendate2 = | overriddenvote2 = | amendments = | SCOTUS cases = }} The National Research Act was enacted by the 93rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Richard Nixon on July 12, 1974 after a series of congressional hearings on human-subjects research, directed by Senator Edward Kennedy.[1] The National Research Act created the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research to develop guidelines for human subject research and to oversee and regulate the use of human experimentation in medicine. The National Research Act issued Title 45, Part 46 of the Code of Federal Regulations: Protection of Human Subjects. The National Research Act is overseen by the Office of Human Research Protections. The Act also formalized a regulated IRB process through local institutional review boards, also overseen by the Office of Human Research Protections.[2] The National Research Act gained traction as a response to the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study.[3] See also
References1. ^{{cite web | author = National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research | date = April 18, 1979 | url = https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont.html | title = The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research | work = Regulations and Ethical Guidelines | publisher = Department of Health, Education and Welfare | accessdate = 2014-03-28}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Rice|first1=Todd|title=The Historical, Ethical, and Legal Background of Human-Subjects Research|journal=Respiratory Care|date=October 2008|volume=53|issue=10|pages=1325-1329|url=http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/53/10/1325}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Chadwick|first1=G.L.|title=Historical perspective: Nuremberg, Tuskegee, and the radiation experiments|journal=Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care|date=January 1997|volume=3|issue=1|page=27-28|pmid=11363960}} External Links
3 : Health law in the United States|1974 in law|Human subject research in the United States |
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