| 词条 | Natricinae |
| 释义 |
| name = Natricinae | image = Natrix tessellata Rheinland-Pfalz 02.jpg | image_caption = Dice snake, Natrix tessellata | taxon = Natricinae | authority = Bonaparte, 1838 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = 36, see text }} The Natricinae are a subfamily of snakes in the family Colubridae. The subfamily comprises 36 genera. Members include many very common snake species, such as the European grass snakes, and the North American water snakes and garter snakes. Some Old World members of the subfamily are known as keelbacks, because their dorsal scales exhibit strong keeling. Natricine snakes are found in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and Central America as far south as Costa Rica. A single species, Tropidonophis mairii, reaches Australia. Although the highest diversity is in North America, the oldest members are in Asia and Africa, suggesting an Old World origin for the group. Most species are semi-aquatic and feed on fish and amphibians, although a few are semi-fossorial or leaf-litter snakes that feed on invertebrates. Most species are harmless to humans, but a few (e.g., Thamnophis sirtalis, Thamnophis elegans) are capable of inflicting bites that can result in local, non-life-threatening symptoms, and at least two members of the genus Rhabdophis (R. tigrinus and R. subminiatus) are capable of inflicting life-threatening bites to humans, even though they have only enlarged, ungrooved fangs in the back of the mouth.[1] ClassificationWhile often regarded as a subfamily of the Colubridae,[2][3] in some classifications, they are raised to the family level as Natricidae.[4] They are recognised as a sister group of the Dipsadinae plus the Pseudoxenodontinae.[2] Genera{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Weinstein|first1=Scott A.|last2=Warrell|first2=David A.|last3=White|first3=Julian|last4=Keyler|first4=Daniel E.|title=Venomous Bites from Non-Venomous Snakes: A Critical Analysis of Risk and Management of “Colubrid” Snake Bites|date=2011|publisher=Elsevier|location=London}} 364 pp. {{ISBN|978-0123877321}}. 2. ^1 {{Cite journal|author=Pyron, R. Alexander|year=2011|title=The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=58 |issue=2|pages=329–342|url=http://200.46.218.171/bds-cbc/sites/default/files/Pyron_et_al_2011.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003095528/http://200.46.218.171/bds-cbc/sites/default/files/Pyron_et_al_2011.pdf|archivedate=3 October 2013|deadurl=yes|display-authors=etal|df=}} 3. ^{{Cite web|title=Natricinae|publisher=The Reptile Database, Zoological Museum Hamburg|url=http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=Natricinae&exact%5B0%5D=taxon&submit=Search}} 4. ^{{Cite book|author1=Dowling, Herndon G.|author2=Jenner, Janann V.|year=1988|title=Snakes of Burma: Checklist of reported species and bibliography|series=Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service #76|publisher=Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution|location=Washington, D.C.|oclc=23345387}} Further reading
3 : Colubrids|Tetrapod subfamilies|Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte |
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