| 词条 | Natural Bridge State Park (Wisconsin) |
| 释义 |
| name = Natural Bridge State Park | iucn_category = V | iucn_ref = | photo = NaturalBridgeStateParkWI.jpg | photo_caption = Wisconsin's largest natural arch and a prehistoric rock shelter | map = USA Wisconsin#USA | map_image = | map_size = | map_caption = Location of Natural Bridge State Park in Wisconsin | relief = 1 | location = Sauk, Wisconsin, United States | nearest_city = | nearest_town = | coordinates = {{coord|43|20|39|N|89|55|47|W|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | length = | length_mi = | length_km = | width = | width_mi = | width_km = | area_acre = 530 | area_ref = | elevation = | elevation_avg = | elevation_min = | elevation_max = | dimensions = | designation = | authorized = | created = | designated = | established = 1972 | named_for = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources{{Infobox NRHP | name = Raddatz Rockshelter | embed = yes | nrhp_type = nrhp | image = | caption = | location = Address restricted | coordinates = | locmapin = Wisconsin#USA | added = December 18, 1978 | area = | refnum = 78000139[1] }} | administrator = | operator = | owner = | website = | embedded = }} Natural Bridge State Park is a {{convert|530|acre|0|sing=on}} state park of Wisconsin, United States, featuring Wisconsin's largest natural arch. Directly beneath the arch is the Raddatz Rockshelter, a rock shelter once used by Paleo-Indians and now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is located southwest of Baraboo between the unincorporated communities of Leland and Denzer, in the town of Honey Creek. Natural historyThe park is on the edge of the Baraboo Range in an unglaciated Driftless Area of south-central Wisconsin. Outcrops of sandstone deposited 1.6 billion years ago jut out of the tops of these hills. The arch and rock shelter have been weathered out of one such outcropping. The top of the arch is {{convert|35|ft|m}} above the ground. The arch opening is {{convert|25|ft|m}} wide and {{convert|15|ft|m}} high. The rock shelter is {{convert|60|ft|m}} wide and {{convert|30|ft|m}} deep. The park's hills are forested with oak and other hardwoods. Some ridge tops bear small prairie remnants with grasses and cactus. Around the outcrop walls grow ferns such as the walking fern (Asplenium rhizophyllum), slender lip fern (Cheilanthes feei) and the rare purple cliffbrake (Pellaea atropurpurea). The shade of the rock faces also supports Solidago sciaphila, a rare goldenrod. Cultural historyAn archaeological excavation of the rock shelter was conducted in 1957 by Warren L. Wittry of the Wisconsin Historical Society. His team found evidence of human use over a long time period. The remains of 50 vertebrate and 15 mollusc species were identified. The oldest artifacts were pieces of charred wood, presumably from fire pits, which were dated to between 9000 and 8000 BCE. This would make it the oldest documented site of human occupation in the upper Midwest.[2] There were also artifacts such as antler-scrapers dating back to six to seven thousand years ago. Evidence indicates that the shelter was used only periodically at first, perhaps as a hunting or seasonal camp. Later it was inhabited year-round. The natural bridge has been a tourist attraction for modern visitors since 1870. The state park was established in 1972, and the following year {{convert|60|acre|0}} centered on the arch were given a further level of protection as Natural Bridge and Rockshelter State Natural Area. In 1978 the Raddatz Rockshelter was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. RecreationNatural Bridge State Park is open year-round but unstaffed. Visitors needing a parking pass for their vehicle must purchase one from a self-registration stand. Amenities at the park are limited to picnic tables and restrooms. There is no overnight camping. There are two trails in the park, totalling about {{convert|3.5|mi|km}}. The arch and rock shelter are short distance up the Indian Moccasin Nature Trail, which then loops further through the wooded hills. Signs along the trail interpret the medicinal uses of many native plants. The longer Whitetail Hiking Trail leads across the highway to the less-used southern half of the park. The southern portion of the park is open for hunting during parts of autumn. {{gallery|mode=packed|align=center|width=165|height=165|File:Natural Bridge time lapse - stars 1-19-2012 VP8.webm|Natural Bridge time lapse - stars 1-19-2012 VP8 |File:Natural Bridge State Park, pan VP8.webm|Natural Bridge State Park, pan VP8 }} References1. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Raddatz Rockshelter and Natural Bridge|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecord.asp?id=36901&qstring=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisconsinhistory.org%2Fwhi%2Fresults.asp%3Fsubject_narrow%3DArchaeological%2Bsites--Wisconsin|work=Wisconsin Historical Images|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2012-07-14}}
External links
11 : Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin|Driftless Area|Natural arches of Wisconsin|Protected areas established in 1972|Protected areas of Sauk County, Wisconsin|Rock shelters in the United States|State Natural Areas of Wisconsin|State parks of Wisconsin|Articles containing video clips|National Register of Historic Places in Sauk County, Wisconsin|1972 establishments in Wisconsin |
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