| 词条 | Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations |
| 释义 |
The Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations (NPLEX) are professional licensing exams administered by the North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners (NABNE). Graduates of naturopathic programs accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME) are required to pass the exams before being permitted to practice naturopathic medicine in a U.S. state or Canadian province that licenses naturopaths.[1] (Some naturopaths who graduated prior to the advent of the NPLEX were licensed by examinations administered by state licensing boards.)[2] There are concerns that the NPLEX does not test naturopathic examinees on the knowledge necessary for the practice of primary care medicine.[3][4][5][6][7] However, naturopathic advocates claim that the NPLEX is equivalent to other standard medical licensing examinations, such as the USMLE and COMLEX-USA,[3][3] but this has not been established by independent analysts due to the exam being withheld from external review.[3] Unlike the USMLE and COMLEX-USA, the NPLEX is exclusively a written, multiple-choice exam and, therefore, does not contain sections to test clinical skills on modeled patients.[7] Performance and qualityVery little is known about the NPLEX exam, and it has been called a mystery by those outside the naturopathic community.[4][5] No external review has been conducted on the NPLEX to assess whether examinees can safely and effectively diagnose and treat disease using established medical standards.[6] The exam has been criticized by David Gorski for testing knowledge of homeopathy, whilst serving as a legitimate certifying examination of alleged medical professionals.[7] One section of this official study guide explains a clinical scenario of an after hours phone call to a naturopathic practitioner from a frantic mother with a child who has a severe cough and is gasping for air; the following example questions do not recommend that the mother take the child to the emergency department per the medical standard of care[8] but rather test on what homeopathic remedy should be administered.[9] In 2005, the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies concluded that "there is little generalizable evidence that the NPLEX Part II clinical licensing examinations actually measure clinical competence" associated with the naturopathic profession.[10] The report notes that NABNE, the exam administrator, claims that other testing formats that would better evaluate clinical skills, such as using standardized patients, are not feasible.[10] In 2014, sample questions from the NPLEX Blue Print and Study Guide published by NABNE were entered into the public record of the Colorado state legislature.[11] Part IPart I is a biomedical sciences examination which consists of 200 multiple-choice questions.[12] Eligibility for the exam requires completion of biomedical sciences coursework at a CNME-approved naturopathic medicine program.[13] The exam is stated to cover the following topics: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pathology, and Physiology. Part IIPart II is a three-day, examination of naturopathic clinical sciences; it includes 3 main sections and 2 electives, organized in clinical cases with several multiple-choice questions about each case.[12] The exam is stated to cover the following topics:
Clinical Elective Sections (for certificate or licensure in some U.S. states){{Citation needed|date=August 2015}}
LocationsBoth the Part I and Part II examinations are offered twice a year in nine locations in North America:[14][15]
See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Cherkin|first1=Daniel C.|last2=Deyo|first2=Richard A.|last3=Sherman|first3=Karen J.|last4=Hart|first4=L. Gary|last5=Street|first5=Janet H.|last6=Hrbek|first6=Andrea|last7=Cramer|first7=Elaine|last8=Milliman|first8=Bruce|last9=Booker|first9=Jennifer|last10=Mootz|first10=Robert|last11=Barassi|first11=James|last12=Khan|first12=Janet R.|last13=Kaptchuk|first13=Ted J.|last14=Eisenberg|first14=David M.|title=Characteristics of Licensed Acupuncturists, Chiropractors, Massage Therapists, and Naturopathic Physicians|journal=Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine|date=2002|volume=15|issue=5|pages=378–390|url=http://www.jabfm.org/content/15/5/378.short}} 2. ^{{Cite report |author=Arizona Auditor General |date= June 2000 |title= Performance Audit Arizona Naturopathic Physicians Board of Medical Examiners |url=https://www.azauditor.gov/sites/default/files/00-9.pdf |accessdate= 3 March 2016}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Fleming|first1=Sara A.|last2=Gutknecht|first2=Nancy C.|title=Naturopathy and the Primary Care Practice|journal=Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice|date=March 2010|volume=37|issue=1|pages=119–136|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2009.09.002|pmid=20189002|pmc=2883816}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |last= Atwood IV |first= Kimball. C. |authorlink1=Kimball Atwood|date= March 26, 2004 |title= Naturopathy, pseudoscience, and medicine: Myths and fallacies vs truth |journal= Medscape General Medicine |volume= 6 |issue= 1 |page= 33 |pmid= 15208545|pmc= 1140750}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=MMS Testimony in Opposition to H. 1992 and S. 1205, An Act to Create a Board of Registration in Naturopathy|url=http://www.massmed.org/Advocacy/MMS-Testimony/MMS-Testimony-in-Opposition-to-H--1992-and-S--1205,-An-Act-to-Create-a-Board-of-Registration-in-Naturopathy/#.VtgJaZMrKrO|website=Massachusetts Medical Society|publisher=Massachusetts Medical Society|accessdate=March 2016}} 6. ^1 {{Cite report |author=Society for Science-Based Medicine |date=2014 |title=Report to the Maryland Board of Physicians Naturopathic Advisory Committee: Recommendations for Naturopathic Regulation |url=http://sfsbm.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=486:naturopathic-board&catid=52:legislative&Itemid=435 |accessdate=2015}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Gorski|first1=David|authorlink1=David Gorski|title=Naturopathy and Science|url=https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/naturopathy-and-science/|publisher=ScienceBasedMedicine.org|accessdate=3 March 2016|date=21 February 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Hermes|first1=Britt Marie|authorlink1=Britt Marie Hermes|title=Naturopaths have weaseled their way into the health care system, and they want more|url=http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2016/05/naturopaths-weaseled-way-health-care-system-want.html|website=KevinMD|accessdate=26 June 2016|date=22 May 2016}} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Senapathy|first1=Kavin|title=Why Is Big Naturopathy Afraid Of This Lone Whistleblower?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kavinsenapathy/2016/05/31/why-is-big-naturopathy-afraid-of-this-lone-whistleblower|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=Forbes|date=31 May 2016}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{Cite report |author=Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies Office of Policy, Research and Regulatory Reform |date=October 2005 |title= 2005 Sunrise Review: Naturopathic Physicians |url=http://www.naturowatch.org/licensure/coloradosunrise05.pdf |accessdate=3 March 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=BILL SUMMARY for HB15-1075|url=http://www.leg.state.co.us/CLICS/CLICS2015A/commsumm.nsf/58e6d054c29cbe1287256e5f00670a70/cc2547974fd82e0d87257dff00796715/$FILE/150305%20AttachF.5.pdf|website=CLICS Committee Summary Database|publisher=Colorado Senate Committee on Health and Human Services|accessdate=2015}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|title=NPLEX Examination Overview|url=https://www.nabne.org/home/exam-overview/|publisher=North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners|accessdate=August 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Eligibility Requirements|url=https://www.nabne.org/home/eligibility-requirements/|website=North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners|publisher=North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners|accessdate=Aug 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nabne.org/home/test-sites/|title=Test Sites|author=|first=|date=|work=North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners website|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=2018-12-19}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nabne.org/home/test-sites/|title=Test Sites|author=|first=|date=|work=North American Board of Naturopathic Examiners website|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-19}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nabne.org/home/test-sites/|title=Test Sites {{!}} NABNE|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-19}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nabne.org/home/test-sites/|title=Test Sites {{!}} NABNE|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-19}} External links
3 : Standardized tests in the United States|Medical regulation in the United States|Naturopathy |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。