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词条 Negative-pressure wound therapy
释义

  1. Overview

  2. Technique

     Contraindications 

  3. Effectiveness

  4. References

Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a therapeutic technique using a vacuum dressing to promote healing in acute or chronic wounds and enhance healing of second- and third-degree burns. The therapy involves the controlled application of sub-atmospheric pressure to the local wound environment,[1][2] using a sealed wound dressing connected to a vacuum pump.[3][4] The use of this technique in wound management increased dramatically over the 1990s and 2000s[5] and a large number of studies have been published examining NPWT.[6] NPWT appears to be useful for diabetic ulcers[7] and management of the open abdomen (laparotomy)[8] but further research is required for other wound types.[9]

Overview

NPWT promotes wound healing by applying a vacuum through a special sealed dressing. The continued vacuum draws out fluid from the wound and increases blood flow to the area.[3] The vacuum may be applied continuously or intermittently, depending on the type of wound being treated and the clinical objectives. Typically, the dressing is changed two to three times per week.[4] The dressings used for the technique include open-cell foam dressings and gauze, sealed with an occlusive dressing intended to contain the vacuum at the wound site.[1] Where NPWT devices allow delivery of fluids, such as saline or antibiotics to irrigate the wound,[10][11] intermittent removal of used fluid supports the cleaning and drainage of the wound bed.[12]

In 1995, Kinetic Concepts was the first company to have a NPWT product cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration.[13] Following increased use of the technique by hospitals in the US, the procedure was approved for reimbursement by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2001.[1]

Technique

General technique for NPWT is as follows: "protect the periwound by applying a skin barrier then it should be followed by a transparent film."[14] A dressing or filler material is fitted to the contours of a wound (which is covered with a non-adherent dressing film) and the overlying foam is then sealed with a transparent film. A drainage tube is connected to the dressing through an opening of the transparent film. A vacuum tube is connected through an opening in the film drape to a canister on the side of a vacuum pump.[19] or vacuum source, turning an open wound into a controlled, closed wound[3] while removing excess fluid from the wound bed to enhance circulation and remove wound fluids. This creates a moist healing environment and reduces edema.[6] "There must be an air tight seal in order for this therapy to be successful."[14][15] The technique is usually used with chronic wounds or wounds that are expected to present difficulties while healing (such as those associated with diabetes).[4]

Three types of filler material are used over the wound surface: open-cell foam, gauze and transparent film, or honeycombed textiles with a dimpled wound contact surface.

  • Foam dressings are used to fill open cavity wounds and can be cut to size to fit wounds. The foam dressing is applied, filling the wound and then a film drape is applied over the top to create a seal around the dressing.
  • Open weave cotton gauze can be covered with a transparent film, and a flat drain is sandwiched in gauze and placed onto the wound. The film drape covers the wound and create a complete seal, and then the drain is connected to the pump via the tubing.[16]
  • Layers of non-woven polyester, joined by a silicone elastomer, has a non-adherent wound contact surface made up of numerous small semi-rigid dome structures,[17] though this solution has not completed a clinical trial as of December 2012.[18]

With all three techniques, once the dressing is sealed the vacuum pump can be set to deliver continuous or intermittent pressures, with levels of pressure depending on the device used,[15][16][19] varying between −125 and −75 mmHg depending on the material used and patient tolerance.[17][20] Pressure can be applied constantly or intermittently.[15]

The dressing type used depends on the type of wound, clinical objectives and patient. For pain sensitive patients with shallow or irregular wounds, wounds with undermining or explored tracts or tunnels, gauze may be used, while foam may be cut easily to fit a patient’s wound that has a regular contour and perform better when aggressive granulation formation and wound contraction is the desired goal.[21]

Contraindications

Contraindications for NPWT use include:[22]
  1. Malignancy in the wound
  2. Untreated osteomyelitis
  3. Non enteric and unexplored fistulas
  4. Necrotic tissue with eschar present
  5. Exposed blood vessels, anastomotic sites, organs and nerves in the periwound area (must avoid direct foam contact with these structures)&91;23&93;

Effectiveness

A 2007 Cochrane Review stated that the evidence comparing NPWT to alternative care was flawed and required more study, but the evidence did support improved healing and called for more, better quality research to be conducted.[9] A 2010 systematic review found "consistent evidence of the benefit of NPWT" in the treatment of diabetic ulcers of the feet. Results for bedsores were "conflicting" and research on "mixed wounds" was of poor quality, but promising. The review did not find evidence of increased significant complications. The review concluded "There is now sufficient evidence to show that NPWT is safe, and will accelerate healing, to justify its use in the treatment of diabetes-associated chronic leg wounds. There is also evidence, though of poor quality, to suggest that healing of other wounds may also be accelerated."[7]

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last1=Lillis |first1=Karin |last2= |first2= |year=2003 |title=Effective wound care requires look at total patient picture |journal=Healthcare Purchasing News |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=32 |publisher= |issn=0279-4799 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BPC/is_1_27/ai_96950328/}}{{Unreliable medical source|date=June 2011}}
2. ^{{ cite journal|title=Negative pressure wound therapy: Unusual and innovative applications |vauthors=Cipolla J, Baillie DR, Steinberg SM, Martin ND, Jaik NP, Lukaszczyk JJ, Stawicki SP |journal =OPUS 12 Scientist |year=2008|volume=2|issue=3|pages=15–29 |url=http://journal.opus12.org/o12-ojs/ojs-2.1.1/index.php/o12sci/article/view/240}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=Advances in healing chronic wounds |first=Yasmeen |last=Moody |newspaper=The Ithaca Journal |publisher= |location=Ithaca, NY |date=19 July 2001 |page=10A }}{{Unreliable medical source|date=June 2011}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last=Fogg |first=Erich |date=27 August 2009 |title=Best treatment of nonhealing and problematic wounds |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants |url=http://www.jaapa.com/best-treatment-of-nonhealing-and-problematic-wounds/article/141444/ |pmid=19725415 |volume=22 |issue=8 |pages=46, 48 |doi=10.1097/01720610-200908000-00013}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (Gauze and Foam) |first=P |last=Driscoll |newspaper=Advanced Medical Technologies |date=24 October 2009 |url=http://mediligence.com/blog/2009/10/24/negative-pressure-wound-therapy-gauze-and-foam/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821161825/http://mediligence.com/blog/2009/10/24/negative-pressure-wound-therapy-gauze-and-foam/ |archivedate=21 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }}{{Unreliable medical source|this is a self-published summary of the press release "Gauze-based NPWT Capable Of Achieving Same Treatment Goals As Foam-based NPWT" http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/168573.php|date=June 2011}}
6. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Subhas |first2=Barbara |last2=Bates-Jensen |first3=Allen |last3=Gabriel |first4=Allen |last4=Holloway |first5=Jeffrey |last5=Niezgoda |first6=Dot |last6=Weir |year=2007 |title=Differentiating Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Devices: An Illustrative Case Series |journal=Wounds |volume=19 |issue=1 (Supplement) |pages=1–9 |url=http://woundsresearch.com/files/docs/LomaLinda.pdf |accessdate=11 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224164131/http://woundsresearch.com/files/docs/LomaLinda.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2010 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
7. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=X. |first2=M. |last2=McGregor |first3=N. |last3=Dendukuri |date=November 2010 |title=The clinical effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy: a systematic review |journal=Journal of Wound Care |volume=19 |issue=11 |pages=490–5 |pmid=21135797 |url=http://www.journalofwoundcare.com/cgi-bin/go.pl/library/article.html?uid=79697;article=JWC_19_11_490 |doi=10.12968/jowc.2010.19.11.79697}}
8. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1742-481X.2012.00953.x | volume=10 | title=Laparostomy management using the ABThera™ open abdomen negative pressure therapy system in a grade IV open abdomen secondary to acute pancreatitis | year=2012 | journal=International Wound Journal | pages=138–144 | author=Fitzgerald James EF}}
9. ^1 {{cite journal |first1=Dirk T |last1=Ubbink |first2=Stijn Joël |last2=Westerbos |first3=Debra |last3=Evans |first4=Lucy |last4=Land |first5=Hester |last5=Vermeulen |title=Topical negative pressure for treating chronic wounds |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=CD001898 |year=2008 |pmid=18646080 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001898.pub2 |editor1-last=Ubbink |editor1-first=Dirk T}}
10. ^{{cite journal |title=Silver-impregnated vacuum-assisted closure in the treatment of recalcitrant venous stasis ulcers |vauthors=Gerry R, Kwei S, Bayer L, Breuing KH |journal=Ann Plast Surg. |date=July 2007 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=58–62 |pmid=17589262 |doi=10.1097/01.sap.0000263420.70303.cc}}{{Unreliable medical source|date=June 2011}}
11. ^{{cite news | title=Vacuum-assisted wound therapy uses expanded | first=Patrice | last=Wendling | url=http://skin.gcnpublishing.com/fileadmin/content_pdf/archive_pdf/vol39iss4/70254_main.pdf | publisher=Skin & Allergy News | date=April 2008 | accessdate=11 January 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827094427/http://skin.gcnpublishing.com/fileadmin/content_pdf/archive_pdf/vol39iss4/70254_main.pdf | archive-date=27 August 2011 | dead-url=yes | df=dmy-all }}{{Unreliable medical source|date=June 2011}}
12. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Moch D, Fleischmann W, Westhauser A |title=Instillationsvakuumversiegelung: ein erster Erfahrungsbericht |trans-title=Instillation vacuum sealing—report of initial experiences |language=German |journal=Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie |volume=115 |issue= |pages=1197–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9931834 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-45774-6_279}}
13. ^{{Cite news | url= | title=Vacuum Assisted Closure Wound Therapy Cleared for Partial Thickness Burns | date=January 27, 2003 | publisher=Reuters Health Medical News | accessdate=}}{{Verify source|is the title correct? can't find anything in google|date=June 2011}}
14. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.todayswoundclinic.com/NPWT|title=The Challenges of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Clinical Practice {{!}} Today's Wound Clinic|website=www.todayswoundclinic.com|access-date=2017-04-20}}
15. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |last1=Baxter |first1=Helena |last2=Ballard |first2=Kate |year=2001 |title=Vacuum-Assisted Closure |journal=Nursing Times |volume=97 |issue=35 |pages=51–2 |pmid=11957602 |url=http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice-clinical-research/vacuum-assisted-closure/200663.article |accessdate=11 January 2011}}
16. ^1 {{cite news|title=Negative pressure wound therapy options promote patient care |first1=Michael S. |last1=Miller |first2=Rhonda |last2=Brown |first3=Cheryl |last3=McDaniel |newspaper=Biomechanics |date=1 September 2005 |page=49 |url=http://www.biomech.com/full_article_printfriendly/?ArticleID=628&month=9&year=2005&fromdb=archives |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929111834/http://www.biomech.com/full_article_printfriendly/?ArticleID=628&month=9&year=2005&fromdb=archives |archivedate=29 September 2011 |df= }}
17. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.todayswoundclinic.com/use-negative-pressure-wound-therapy-bio-dometm-dressing-technology |title=The use of negative pressure wound therapy with Bio-Dome™ dressing technology |last1=Glat |first1=Paul |date=8 July 2010 |work=Today's Wound Clinic |publisher= |accessdate=20 January 2011}} {{Unreliable medical source|date=June 2011}}
18. ^http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01107821
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.biomech.com/full_article_printfriendly/?ArticleID=215&month=4&year=2007&fromdb=archives|title=Multiple approaches offer negative pressure options|last=Miller|first=Michael S.|date=February 2009|work=Biomechanics|access-date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929111853/http://www.biomech.com/full_article_printfriendly/?ArticleID=215&month=4&year=2007&fromdb=archives|archivedate=29 September 2011|deadurl=yes|df=}}
20. ^{{cite journal |pages=553–62 |doi=10.1097/00000637-199706000-00001 |title=Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment |year=1997 |last1=Morykwas |first1=Michael J. |last2=Argenta |first2=Louis C. |last3=Shelton-Brown |first3=Erica I. |last4=McGuirt |first4=Wyman |journal=Annals of Plastic Surgery |volume=38 |issue=6 |pmid=9188970}}
21. ^{{cite journal |pages=202–11 |doi=10.1097/01.WON.0000347664.10217.2e |title=Options in negative pressure wound therapy |year=2009 |last1=Long |first1=Mary Arnold |last2=Blevins |first2=Anne |journal=Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing |volume=36 |issue=2}}
22. ^KCI clinical guidelines
23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.activactherapy.com/cs/Satellite?c=KCI_General_C&childpagename=KCI1/KCILayout&cid=1229624973260&pagename=KCI1Wrapper|title=V.A.C. Therapy Indications and Contraindications|website=www.activactherapy.com|language=en|access-date=2017-04-20}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}

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