“Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

There are five sections of Portland, Oregon^[1], though a sixth is planned, and 95 officially recognized neighborhoods, each of which is represented by a volunteer-based neighborhood association. These associations serve as the liaison between residents and the city government, as coordinated by the city's Office of Community & Civic Life,^[2] which was created in 1974 and known as the Office of Neighborhood Involvement until July 2018.^[3] The city subsequently provides funding to this "network of neighborhoods" through district coalitions, which are groupings of neighborhood associations. On June 6, 2018, Portland City Council voted to add a sixth section to Portland; it will be called South Portland and the transition to the new system is expected to start in May 2020.^[4]

Sections

Southwest

Downtown Portland lies in the Southwest section between the I-405 freeway loop and the Willamette River, centered on Pioneer Courthouse Square ("Portland's living room"). Downtown and many other parts of inner Portland have compact square blocks (200 ft [60 m] on a side) and narrow streets (64 ft [20 m] wide), a pedestrian-friendly combination.

Many of Portland's recreational, cultural, educational, governmental, business, and retail resources are concentrated downtown, including:

Northwest

Northwest Portland includes the Pearl District, most of Old Town Chinatown, the Northwest District, and various residential and industrial neighborhoods. A range of streets primarily in Northwest Portland is named alphabetically from Ankeny through York (the street following York is Reed Street). The street between Wilson and York was called "X Street" until it was renamed as Roosevelt Street.^[5] Burnside Street, the "B" in the sequence, divides the Northeast and Northwest quadrants of the city from the Southeast and Southwest.

The Pearl District is a recent name for a former warehouse and industrial area just north of downtown. Many of the warehouses have been converted into lofts, and new multistory condominiums have also been developed on previously vacant land. The increasing density has attracted a mix of restaurants, brewpubs, shops, and art galleries. ^[6] The galleries sponsor simultaneous artists' receptions every month, in an event known as First Thursday.^[7]

Between the Pearl District and the Willamette is the Old Town Chinatown neighborhood. It includes Portland's Chinatown, marked by a pair of lions at its entrance at NW 4th Ave. and W Burnside St. and home to the Portland Classical Chinese Garden. Before World War II, this area was known as Japan Town;^[8] Chinatown was previously located just south of W. Burnside St. along the riverfront.

Farther west is the compact but thriving NW 21st and 23rd Avenue restaurant and retail area, the core of the Northwest District. Parts of this area are also called Uptown and Nob Hill.^[9] Nicknames include Snob Hill and Trendy Third.^[10] The residential areas adjacent to the shopping district include the Alphabet Historic District (with large Victorian and Craftsman homes built in the years before and shortly after 1900) and a large district centered on Wallace Park. The neighborhood has a mix of Victorian-era houses, apartment buildings from throughout the 20th century, and various businesses centered on Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center. The Portland Streetcar connects Nob Hill to downtown, via the Pearl.

West of the developed areas is the northern portion of Portland's West Hills, including the majority of extensive Forest Park and the Willamette Heights, Hillside, Sylvan, Skyline and Forest Heights neighborhoods.

North

North Portland is a diverse mixture of residential, commercial, and industrial areas. It includes the Portland International Raceway, the University of Portland, and massive cargo facilities of the Port of Portland. Nicknames for it include "NoPo" and "the Fifth Quadrant" (for being the odd-one out from the four-cornered logic of SE, NE, SW, and NW).

North Portland is connected to the industrial area of Northwest Portland by the St. Johns Bridge, a {{convert|2067|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} long suspension bridge completed in 1931 and extensively rehabilitated in 2003-05.

During World War II, a planned development named Vanport was constructed to the north of this section between the city limits and the Columbia River. It grew to be the second largest city in Oregon, but was wiped out by a disastrous flood in 1948.^[11] Columbia Villa, another wartime housing project in the Portsmouth Neighborhood, is being rebuilt; the renewed community opened in 2005^[12] is known as New Columbia and offers public housing, rental housing, and single family home ownership units.^[13] Since 2004, a light rail line runs along Interstate Avenue, which parallels I-5, stopping short of crossing the Columbia River.

Northeast

Northeast Portland contains a diverse collection of neighborhoods. For example, while Irvington and the Alameda Ridge feature some of the oldest and most expensive homes in Portland, nearby King is a more working-class neighborhood. Because it is so large, Northeast Portland can essentially be divided ethnically, culturally, and geographically into inner and outer sections. The inner Northeast neighborhoods that surround Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. were once predominantly African American, resembling typical urban inner-city environments found in most major U.S. cities. However, the demographics are now changing due to the process of gentrification. In 2010, the King neighborhood was 25.9% Black or African-American, a 41.3% decrease since 2000.^[14] Inner Northeast includes several shopping areas, such as the Lloyd District, Alberta Arts District (Portland, Oregon) and Hollywood, and part of the affluent Irvington, Alameda, Grant Park, Sullivan's Gulch and Laurelhurst neighborhoods and nearby developments. The city plan targets Lloyd District as another mixed-use area, with high-density residential development. {{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}

Straddling the base of the borders of North and Northeast is the Rose Quarter. It is named after the Rose Garden, home of the Portland Trail Blazers (now named the Moda Center), and also includes the Blazers' former home, the Memorial Coliseum. The Coliseum is the home to Portland's hockey team, the Portland Winter Hawks, of the Western Hockey League, though they often play at the Moda Center. The newest Rose Quarter tenants are the LumberJax of the National Lacrosse League. The city still holds the lease to the land and owns the Coliseum, but the Moda Center and other buildings were owned by private business interests until they went into receivership. {{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} The area is quite active during the teams' home games, and the city hopes to extend the activity by promoting a major increase in residential units in the quarter using zoning and tax incentives. {{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}

At the base of Northeast where its border meets Southeast, an area near the Burnside Bridge has been redeveloped into a bustling nightlife and entertainment district. The area features bars like The Chesterfield and music venues like The Doug Fir Lounge. In 2006, the area was established enough to get its own nickname: LoBU.^[15]

Southeast

Southeast Portland stretches from the warehouses along the Willamette through historic Ladd's Addition to the Hawthorne and Belmont districts out to Gresham. Southeast Portland has blue-collar roots and has evolved to encompass a wide mix of backgrounds. The Hawthorne district in particular is known for its hippie/radical crowd and small subculturally oriented shops; not far away is Reed College, whose campus expands from Woodstock Boulevard to Steele Street, and from the 28th to the 39th Avenues.

Between the 1920s and the 1960s, Southeast was home to Lambert Gardens. Southeast Portland also features Mt. Tabor, a cinder cone volcano that has become one of Portland's more scenic and popular parks. Peacock Lane is a street known locally for lavish Christmas decorations and displays.

South

South Portland, once established in May 2020, will exist in the current South Waterfront, Collins View and Riverdale neighborhoods. It will be bordered to the east by the Willamette River and to the west by Southwest Naito Parkway and the Tryon Creek State Natural area.^[16] The Portland City Council voted to establish this sixth sextant of the city in June 2018, primarily because of addressing concerns that created serious impediments to emergency services.

Official list of neighborhoods

Each neighborhood association defines its own boundaries, which may include areas outside of Portland city limits and (if mutually agreed) areas that overlap with other neighborhoods. Neighborhoods may span boundaries between the five sections (N, NE, SE, SW, and NW) of the city as well. The segmentation adopted here is based on Office of Community & Civic Life's district coalition model, under which each neighborhood is part of at most one coalition (though some neighborhoods are not included in any).

Neighbors West-Northwest (NWNW)

These are in Northwest Portland, except Arlington Heights, Goose Hollow, Portland Downtown, and Sylvan-Highlands, which are in Southwest Portland.

Southwest Neighborhoods, Inc. (SWNI)

North Portland Neighborhood Services (NPNS)

Most lie entirely within North Portland. Bridgeton, Hayden Island and Piedmont are split between North and Northeast sections. East Columbia is in Northeast Portland.

Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods (NECN)

Most lie entirely within Northeast Portland. Boise, Eliot, and Humboldt include areas in North Portland.

Central Northeast Neighbors, Inc. (CNN)

East Portland Neighborhood Office (EPNO)

Argay, Parkrose, Parkrose Heights, Russell, Wilkes, and Woodland Park are in Northeast Portland.

Centennial, Lents, Mill Park, Pleasant Valley, and Powellhurst-Gilbert are in Southeast Portland.

Southeast Uplift Neighborhood Program (SE Uplift)

All are entirely within Southeast Portland, except North Tabor, Laurelhurst, Kerns, and Montavilla, which are split between Northeast and Southeast sections and Ardenwald-Johnson Creek, which covers both Portland and Milwaukie.

Unaffiliated with a coalition

Healy Heights lies within Southwest Portland. The Lloyd District is in Northeast Portland.

Other areas and communities

References

1. ^{{Citation|title=Ordinance 61325: Street re-numbering report. Providing for renumbering of buildings and renaming of streets.|date=February 28, 1933|publisher=Auditor of the City of Portland|url=http://efiles.portlandoregon.gov/Record/2685610/|accessdate=2017-08-09}}
2. ^[https://www.portlandoregon.gov/civic/77242 Office of Civic & Community Life], City of Portland. Accessed 2018-08-26.
3. ^[https://efiles.portlandoregon.gov/Record/12094968/?_ga=2.220362968.151555658.1535337685-188938758.1350986247 City council ordinance 189078], passed on July 18, 2018. Auditor's Office, City of Portland.
4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/portland-south-new-address-area/|title=South Portland Becomes City's Newest Address Area|last=Templeton|first=Amelia|website=www.opb.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}}
5. ^Ordinance 7446 in 1891, which renumbered street addresses, shows the alphabetical streets through York Street.
6. ^{{Cite |url=http://www.howitravel.co/the-15-coolest-neighborhoods-in-the-world-in-2016/ |title=The 15 Coolest Neighborhoods in the World in 2016|accessdate=13 November 2016 }}
7. ^{{cite news |title=Whether you run, roll, stroll or paddle, Portland's riverfront is the place to be |first=Greg |last=Johnston |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer |date=June 8, 2006 |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/getaways/272933_portland08.html }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ohs.org/education/focus/japanese-labor-oregon.cfm |title=Japanese Labor in Oregon |publisher=Ohs.org |date= |accessdate=2008-10-20}}
9. ^Nob Hill Neighborhood Guide Portlandneighborhood.com. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.professionaltravelguide.com/Destinations/Portland-OR/See-and-Do/Shopping/Stores/Shopping-Areas/Nob-Hill-Northwest-Portland-p1725757 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-01-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161002/http://www.professionaltravelguide.com/Destinations/Portland-OR/See-and-Do/Shopping/Stores/Shopping-Areas/Nob-Hill-Northwest-Portland-p1725757 |archivedate=2008-12-08 |df= }}
11. ^Manley Maben, Vanport (Portland: Oregon Historical Society Press, 1987).
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hapdx.org/newcolumbia/pdfs/relocation.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-01-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217145350/http://www.hapdx.org/newcolumbia/pdfs/relocation.pdf |archivedate=2008-12-17 |df= }} Relocation and Return
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smartgrowth.org/library/articles.asp?art=3316&res=1280 |title=Smart Growth Resource Library: Smart Growth In Action: New Columbia Neighborhood, Portland, Oregon |publisher=Smartgrowth.org |date= |accessdate=2008-10-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030022546/http://www.smartgrowth.org/library/articles.asp?art=3316 |archivedate=2008-10-30 |df= }}
14. ^https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oni/article/375918
15. ^Portland neighborhoods receive some new nicknames Daily Journal of Commerce (Portland, OR), Nov 16, 2006 by Kennedy Smith
16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/portland-south-new-address-area/|title=South Portland Becomes City's Newest Address Area|last=Templeton|first=Amelia|website=www.opb.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.opb.org/news/series/east-of-82nd-a-closer-look-at-east-portland/audit-finds-east-portland-lags-behind-in-sidewalks-parks-due-to-history/|title=Audit Finds East Portland Lags Behind In Sidewalks, Parks|last=Templeton|first=Amelia|website=www.opb.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.wweek.com/portland/article-18071-the-other-portland.html|title=The Other Portland|work=Willamette Week|access-date=2018-07-27|language=en-US}}