| 词条 | Neopilina |
| 释义 |
| image = Neopilina.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = The holotype of N. galatheae at the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Mollusca | classis = Monoplacophora | ordo = Tryblidiida | superfamilia = Tryblidioidea | familia = Neopilinidae | genus = Neopilina | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision =
}}Neopilina is a highly derived genus of modern monoplacophoran.[1] Some molecular results show that they fall within the polyplacophoran clade,[2] although these results have been called into question.[3] Fossil and morphological data show that they are rather derived and bear very little resemblance to an 'ancestral mollusc'.[1] AnatomyIts anatomy[4] led researchers to believe that the cephalopods evolved from the Monoplacophora.[4] Its pair of preoral tentacles are considered homologous to those of gastropods; like prosobranch gastropod tentacles, their nerves connect to the cerebral ganglia.[4] The post-oral tentacles are equated with bivalves' labial flaps, cephalopods' arms, and scaphopods' captacula.[4] Cuticular hardenings around the mouth of the organism are considered to be jaw-like and very not far removed from the beaks of cephalopods or the jaws of many gastropods.[4] The presence of a single shell prompts comparisons to the cephalopod Nautilus, but besides its bilateral symmetry and direction of coiling, there is not a clear equivalence; Nautilus shell is notably different in the possession of septa (and thus a siphuncle).[4]{{rp|64}} It bears a similar degree of similarity to most other mollusc groups, leading to speculation that it may reflect a relatively unchanged ancestral mollusc.[4] The shell itself is aragonitic, consisting mainly of a prismatic layer,[5] lined with nacre.[4] The organism bears five pairs of ctenidia (gills), unusually for molluscs; the rear two are homologous to the two pairs in Nautilus. This is unlike the polyplacophora, who have a number of pairs of ctenidia, but this number varies and is not related to the number of their body 'segments'.[4] The foot and pallial groove are very difficult indeed to discriminate from the polyplacophora,[4] supporting its placement in this group by molecular methods[2] Its radula is not unlike that of the polyplacophora; notably, its fifth tooth is modified to be comb-like.[6] EcologyNeopilina is a bottom feeder, probably a deposit feeder; whilst alive, its shell is covered by a layer of mucus that might be involved in feeding or locomotion.[7]References1. ^1 Organisms, Genes and Evolution: Evolutionary Theory at the Crossroads ; Proceedings of the 7th International Senckenberg ConferenceBy Dieter Stefan Peters, Michael WeingartenContributor Dieter Stefan PetersPublished by Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000{{ISBN|3-515-07659-X}}, 9783515076593243 pages {{Taxonbar|from=Q865430}}2. ^1 {{Cite journal| last3=Lindgren, A.R.| last=Giribet | first3=A. R. | first=G.| last4=Huff, S.W. | first4=S. W. | first2=A.| last5 = Schrödl, M | first5=M.| last6 = Nishiguchi, M.K. | first6=M. K.| title = Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: monoplacophorans are related to chitons| last2= Okusu, A| url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16675549| format = Free full text| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America| volume = 103| issue = 20| pages = 7723–7728| date=May 2006 | pmid = 16675549| pmc = 1472512| doi = 10.1073/pnas.0602578103|bibcode = 2006PNAS..103.7723G }} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Wägele|first=J Wolfgang|author2=et. al|title=Phylogenetic support values are not necessarily informative: the case of the Serialia hypothesis (a mollusk phylogeny)|journal=Frontiers in Zoology|year=2009|volume=6|issue=12|doi=10.1186/1742-9994-6-12|url=http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/6/1/12|pmid=19555513|pmc=2710323}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite journal|author=Lemche, H|url=http://www.zmuc.dk/inverweb/Galathea/index.html|format= Link to free full text + plates|author2= Wingstrand, K.G. |year=1959|title=The anatomy of Neopilina galatheae Lemche, 1957 (Mollusca, Tryblidiacea). |journal=Galathea Rep |volume=3|pages=9–73}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsc.org/ej/JM/1997/a604512j.pdf|year=2007|author=Stephen Weiner and Lia Addadi|title=Design strategies in mineralized biological materials}} - contains spectacular SEM of prismatic nature of aragonite shell. 6. ^{{Cite journal| url = http://www.zmuc.dk/inverweb/Galathea/Pdf_filer/Volume_16/Plates_07-12-galathea-vol.16.pdf| journal = Galathea| title = On the anatomy and relationships of recent Monoplacophora.| pages = 007–094| author = Wingstrand, Karl Georg | volume = 16 }} 7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Menzies | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Ewing | first2 = M. | last3 = Lamar Worzel | first3 = J. | last4 = Clarke | first4 = A. H. | title = Ecology of the Recent Monoplacophora | journal = Oikos | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 168–182 | year = 1959 | doi = 10.2307/3565144}} 1 : Monoplacophora |
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