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词条 Nepalis
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. Nepali nationality

  3. Nepali caste/ethnic groups

  4. Gallery

  5. See also

  6. References

     Footnotes  Notes 
{{pp-move|small=yes}}{{POV|date=February 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Nepalis (Nepalese)
|flag =
|flag_caption = Flag of Nepal
|native_name = {{lang|ne|नेपाली नागरिक}}

Nepalese Citizens


|population = {{Circa|30 million|lk=yes}}[1]
|popplace = {{flagcountry|Nepal}} 26,494,504[2] {{small|(2011 Census)}}
|region1 = {{flag|India}}
|pop1 = 2,926,168
|ref1 = [2]
|region4 = {{flag|Bhutan}}
|pop4 = 265,000
|ref4 = [3]
|region5 = {{flag|United States}}
|pop5 = 59,490
|ref5 = [4]
|region6 = {{flag|Canada}}
|pop6 = 17,140
|ref6 = [5]

|region7 = {{flag|Hong Kong}}, China
|pop7 = 15,950
|ref7 = [6]
|region8 = {{flag|Finland}}
|pop8 = 3,632
|ref8 = [7]
|region9 = {{flag|China}} (Mainland)
|pop9 = 3,500
|ref9 = [8]
|region10={{flag|Netherlands}}
|pop10=2,199[9]
|region2 = {{flag|Myanmar}}
|pop2 = 300,000
|ref2 = [10]
|langs = Nepali {{•}}Maithili {{•}} Bhojpuri {{•}} Awadhi {{•}} Tharu {{•}} Tamang {{•}} Newari {{•}} Bajjika {{•}} Magar {{•}} Dotyali {{•}} Urdu and 113 others[11]
|rels = Hinduism 81.3%
Buddhism 9.0%
Islam 4.4%
Kirat 3.0%
Christianity 1.4%
and others 0.9%[12]
|footnotes = {{smallsup|a}} Total population of Nepal, {{smallsup|b}} Nepali-speaking population, {{smallsup|c}} Nepali diaspora
}}

The Nepalis (English: Nepalese; {{lang-ne|नेपाली}}) are citizens of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal under the provisions of Nepali nationality law.[13][14] The country is home to people of many different national and ethnic origins. As a result, people of Nepal do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and allegiance. Although citizens make up the majority of Nepali, non-citizen residents, dual citizen and expatriates may also claim a Nepali identity.

Nepal is a multicultural and multiethnic country. Nepali are multilinguistic group that speak 123 languages as recorded in 2011 Nepal census.[11] Kathmandu Valley, in the middle hill region, constitutes a small fraction of the nation's area but is the most densely populated, with almost 5 percent of the nation's population.[15][16]

Etymology

Local legends say that a Hindu sage named "Ne" established himself in the valley of Kathmandu in prehistoric times and that the word "Nepal" came into existence as the place was protected ("pala" in Pali) by the sage "Ne". It is mentioned in Vedic texts that this region was called Nepal centuries ago. According to the Skanda Purana, a rishi called "Ne" or "Nemuni" used to live in the Himalayas.[17] In the Pashupati Purana, he is mentioned as a saint and a protector.[18] He is said to have practised meditation at the Bagmati and Kesavati rivers[19] and to have taught there.[20]

The name of the country is also identical in origin to the name of the Newar people. The terms "Nepāl", "Newār", "Newāl" and "Nepār" are phonetically different forms of the same word, and instances of the various forms appear in texts in different times in history. Nepal is the learned Sanskrit form and Newar is the colloquial Prakrit form.[21] A Sanskrit inscription dated 512 CE found in Tistung, a valley to the west of Kathmandu, contains the phrase "greetings to the Nepals" indicating that the term "Nepal" was used to refer to both the country and the people.[22][23]

Nepali nationality

The founder of modern Nepal, Badamaharajadhiraja (meaning: Great of the great sovereign kings) Prithvi Narayan Shah[24] is considered a unifying figure and symbol of Nepali National Unity.[25] He is considered a visionary leader and his birthday is celebrated as National Unity Day after years of Maoist hegemony and demolition of monarchial history called as Krambhanga (Paradigm Shift).[26][24]

Nepali caste/ethnic groups

The population ranking of 125 Nepali castes/ethnic groups as per the 2011 Nepal census.[27]{{refn|group=note|Pages 191/192 of the total pdf or pages 156/157 in the scanned material shows Nepali castes/ethnic groups}}

Rank Caste/ethnic groups Population Percentage composition
1 Chhetri 4,398,053 16.60%
2 Hill Brahman/Bahun 3,226,903 12.18%
3 Magar 1,887,733 7.12%
4 Tharu 1,737,470 6.56%
5 Tamang 1,539,830 5.81%
6 Newar 1,321,933 4.99%
7 Kami 1,258,554 4.75%
8 Musalman (taken as a single ethnic group) 1,164,255 4.39%
9Yadav 1,054,458 3.98%
10 Rai 620,004 2.34%
11 Gurung 522,6411.97%
12 Damai/Dholi472,8621.78%
13 Thakuri425,6231.61%
14 Limbu387,3001.46%
15 Sarki374,8161.41%
16 Teli369,6881.40%
17 Chamar/Harijan/Ram335,8931.27%
18Koiri/Kushwaha306,3931.16%
19 Musahar234,4900.89%
20Kurmi231,1290.87%
21Sanyasi/Dasnami227,8220.86%
22Dhanuk219,8080.83%
23Dusadh/Pasawan/Pasi208,9100.79%
24Raute 618 0.00%
25 Nurang 278 0.00%
26Kusunda 273 0.00%
-Others undefined and foreigners 282,321 1.07%
-Total 26,494,504 100.00%

Gallery

See also

  • List of Nepali people
  • Culture of Nepal
  • Demographics of Nepal
  • Religion in Nepal
  • Ethnic groups in Nepal
  • Kazara
  • Languages of Nepal
  • Gurkha
  • Music of Nepal

References

Footnotes

1. ^Total population: 30 million. Population of Nepal: 26,494,504 (2011), number of Nepali speakers in India: 2,871,749 (2011), number of Nepali speakers in Bhutan: 265,000.
2. ^{{cite web|title=Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}
3. ^http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_language.asp?code=nep
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_PCT7&prodType=table |title=ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES, AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS |year=2010 |work=United States Census Bureau |publisher=United States Department of Commerce |accessdate=13 September 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic%20origin&TABID=1 |author=Statistics Canada |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census |accessdate=25 March 2018}}
6. ^{{cite journal|title=Thematic Report: Ethnic Minorities|url=http://www.bycensus2006.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_962/06bc_em.pdf|date=2007-12-28|accessdate=2008-01-23|issue=xvi|journal=Publications and Products of the 2006 Population By-census|publisher=Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong|format=PDF}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWebPXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_032.px/|title=Väestö 31.12. muuttujina Alue, Taustamaa, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot|website=Tilastokeskuksen PX-Web tietokannat}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Start Kathmandu-Guangzhou flight: NRNs |url=http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullTodays.php?headline=Start+Kathmandu-Guangzhou+flight%3A+NRNs+&NewsID=28983 |accessdate=13 September 2016 |quote= |publisher=The Himalayan Times |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013153453/http://thehimalayantimes.com/fullTodays.php?headline=Start+Kathmandu-Guangzhou+flight%3A+NRNs+&NewsID=289839 |archivedate=12 January 2006}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37325&D1=0&D2=a&D3=0&D4=0&D5=a&D6=l&HDR=G2,G3&STB=G1,G5,T,G4&VW=T|title=CBS StatLine - Bevolking; generatie, geslacht, leeftijd en herkomstgroepering, 1 januari|website=Statline.cbs.nl|accessdate=5 October 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=The Forgotten Gurkhas of Burma|url=http://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/forgotten-gurkhas-burma.html |accessdate=20 May 2014|quote= |publisher=The Irrawaddy | author=The Irrawaddy - LAWI WENG}}
11. ^1 Official Summary of Census (2011), Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202145804/http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Summary-Nepali.pdf |date=2012-12-02 }}
12. ^{{cite book|title=Statistical Yearbook of Nepal - 2013|date=2013|publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics|location=Kathmandu|page=23|url=http://cbs.gov.np/publications/statisticalyearbook_2013|accessdate=13 December 2015}}
13. ^http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2015/08/nepal-citizenship-rules-2063-2006.pdf Nepal Citizenship Act 2006
14. ^http://www.legalnepal.com/Nepal_citizenship_act.pdf Nepal Citizenship Act 2006(in Nepali)
15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/VDC_Municipality.pdf |title=Decadal Growth :www.cbs.gov.np |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731000000/http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/VDC_Municipality.pdf |archivedate=2013-07-31 |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web | publisher=CIA | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/np.html | work=The World Factbook | title=Nepali peoples and nationality law | accessdate=}}
17. ^{{cite web|last=Dangol |first=Amrit |url=http://www.aloneinkathmandu.com/2007/05/something-about-nepal.html |title=Alone in Kathmandu |publisher=Alone in Kathmandu |date=6 May 2007 |accessdate=29 July 2009}}
18. ^Prasad, P. 4 The life and times of Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal
19. ^Khatri, P. 16 The Postage Stamps of Nepal
20. ^W.B., P. 34 Land of the Gurkhas
21. ^{{cite web|last=Malla |first=Kamal P |url=http://www.kpmalla.com/?attachment_id=285 |title=Nepala: Archaeology of the Word |work= |publisher= |accessdate=5 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322214352/http://www.kpmalla.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Nepala.pdf |archivedate=22 March 2012 }} Page 7.
22. ^{{cite web|last=Malla |first=Kamal P |url=http://www.kpmalla.com/?attachment_id=285 |title=Nepala: Archaeology of the Word |work= |publisher= |accessdate=5 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322214352/http://www.kpmalla.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Nepala.pdf |archivedate=22 March 2012 }} Page 1.
23. ^{{cite book |last1=Majupuria |first1=Trilok Chandra |last2=Majupuria |first2=Indra |year=1979 |title=Glimpses of Nepal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDNuAAAAMAAJ&q=nepal+nepar&dq=nepal+nepar&hl=ne&sa=X&ei=XnGcUqXIHcH_rQfGvIHoDg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwCA |publisher=Maha Devi |page=8 |accessdate=2 December 2013}}
24. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://nepalitimes.com/article/nation/return-to-unity,4129|first=Om Astha|last=Rai|title=Back To Unity|publisher=The Nepali Times|access-date=12 January 2018}}
25. ^{{Cite web|url=http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=16716#.WliV7IHA7qB|first=Dhruba|last= Simkhada|title=Nepal founder's legacy|publisher=The Nepali Times|access-date=12 January 2018}}
26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://nepalitimes.com/regular-columns/guest-editorial/Prithvi-Narayan-Shah-a-visionary-leader,1102|first=Shekhar|last= Kharel|title=Prithvi Narayan Shah reborn|publisher=The Nepali Times|access-date=12 January 2018}}
27. ^{{Cite web|URL=https://unstats.un.org/unsD/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf|title=Nepal Census 2011}}

Notes

{{Reflist}}

5 : Ethnic groups in Nepal|Nepalese people|Ethnic groups divided by international borders|Ethno-cultural designations|Gurkhas
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