| 词条 | Neve Daniel |
| 释义 |
| name = Neve Daniel | image = File:Neve Danyal entrance.jpg | foundation = 18 July 1982 | founded_by = | district = js | council = Gush Etzion | affiliation = | popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}} | population = {{Israel populations|Newe Daniyyel}} | population_footnotes={{Israel populations|reference}} | pushpin_map=Israel south wb |pushpin_mapsize=250 |pushpin_label_position=bottom |coordinates = {{coord|31|40|37|N|35|08|37|E|display=inline,title}} | website = }} Neve Daniel ({{lang-he-n|נְוֵה דָּנִיֵּאל}}) is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. Located in western Gush Etzion south of Jerusalem and just west of Bethlehem, it sits atop one of the highest points in the area - close to 1,000 meters above sea level, and has a view of much of the Mediterranean coastal plain, as well as the mountains of Jordan. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Newe Daniyyel}}. It is organised as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Gush Etzion Regional Council. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.[1] HistoryNeve Daniel was established on 18 July 1982 on the site of the Cohen Farm. The Cohen Farm was founded on September 6, 1935, on lands purchased from Arab resident of Bethlehem , that were transferred to the Jewish National Fund in 1943.[2] [3]The farm was abandoned during the Arab riots, and remained under Jordanian control until 1967. According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated 27 dunams of land from the nearby Palestinian village of Al-Khader in order to construct Neve Daniel.[4] The new community was named for an-Nabi Daniel, Arabic for Prophet Daniel, a site at a bend in the road several kilometers southwest of Bethlehem where a convoy bringing supplies to Gush Etzion was ambushed.[5][5] [6] The loss of the "Nabi Daniel Convoy" became a turning point in the fight for Gush Etzion.[5][7][8][9] The road to Gush Etzion had been blocked by Arab villagers who organized attacks on vehicles traveling to and from Jerusalem. The convoys traversing the route consisted mainly of so-called "sandwich trucks", improvised armored vehicles reinforced with two sheets of steel welded onto the cabin and cargo area and a layer of wood placed in between.[10][11][12][13] On 27 March 1948, a convoy of 51 vehicles returning from Gush Etzion encountered an impassable roadblock and came to a halt. The Arabs positioned on both sides of the road opened fire.[5] According to Irgun fighter Yehuda Lapidot, during the battle, 15 Jewish fighters were killed, 73 wounded, and most of the Haganah's fleet of armored transport vehicles, 10 armored cars, 4 armored buses and 25 armor-plated trucks, were destroyed.[14] An alternative theory is that the community was named by the leader of another convoy destroyed while attempting at resupplying Gush Etzion in 1948, Daniel "Dani" Mass of the Convoy of 35.[15]On a visit to Neve Daniel in 2009, former U.S. president Jimmy Carter told his hosts: "I have been fortunate this afternoon in learning the perspectives that I did not have."[16]{{dl|date=January 2019}} At a meeting in the garden of Shaul Goldstein, who was then the head of the Gush Etzion regional council, Carter said: "This particular settlement area is not one that I can envision ever being abandoned or changed over into Palestinian territory. This is part of settlements close to the 1967 line that I think will be here forever."[17]{{dl|date=January 2019}} Status under international lawLike all Israeli settlements in the Israeli-occupied territories, Neve Daniel is considered illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this. The international community considers Israeli settlements to violate the Fourth Geneva Convention's prohibition on the transfer of an occupying power's civilian population into occupied territory. Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to the Palestinian territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them.[1] This view has been rejected by the International Court of Justice and the International Committee of the Red Cross.[18] DemographyNeve Daniel has a mixed population of native Israelis and immigrants from the former Soviet Union, France, Canada, and the United States. The population doubled from 800 residents in 2001 to nearly 1,500 in 2008, and in the 2015 to 2,577 residents[19] comprising over 400 families. The majority of residents are religious Zionists. {{wide image|Snow in Neve Daniel, - December 2013.jpg|1000px|Snow in Neve Daniel, 2013}}Ephraim Henry Pavie houseEphraim Henry Pavie is a French-born architect who made aliyah to Israel in 1983. Around the year 2000 he purchased a lot in Neve Daniel, and in 2008 began constructing a home there for him and his wife and their six children. The Pavie house, which stands four stories high and is entirely made of concrete, has ten rooms, and not one of its above-ground walls is straight. Pavie, whose architectural style Yonatan Kanti of the Israeli daily Ma'ariv compared to the futurism of Eero Saarinen's TWA Flight Center, said the house attracts attention from passers-by but is not universally appreciated.[20] Notable people
References1. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |accessdate=27 November 2010}} {{Gush Etzion Regional Council}}{{Jewish villages depopulated during the Israeli War of Independence}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/yaan/0,7340,L-600846-NjAwODQ2XzE0MTI4OTQ0Nl8xNDg2ODM2MDAeq-FreeYaan,00.html|title=נוה דניאל, מתוך מקומות בישראל - אנציקלופדיה ynet|website=www.ynet.co.il|access-date=2019-01-16}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDSFAAAAIAAJ|title=גאולת הקרקע בארץ ישראל : רעיון ומעשה|last=קרק|first=רות|date=1990-12-31|publisher=יד יצחק בן־צבי|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=220|language=he}} 4. ^Al Khader Town Profile, p. 20, ARIJ 5. ^{{cite web |title=On and Off the Beaten Track in…Mitzpor Haelef |author=Peter Abelow |work= |publisher=Jewish Action. The Magazine of the Orthodox Union |date=27 August 2015 |url= https://www.ou.org/jewish_action/08/2015/on-and-off-the-beaten-track-in-mitzpor-haelef/ |accessdate=20 August 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Australian – HonestReporting Advocacy Mission – Day 4 |author= Marilyn Immerman |publisher= HonestReporting. Defending Israel From Media Bias |date=3 December 1012 |url= http://honestreporting.com/australian-%E2%80%93-honestreporting-advocacy-mission-%E2%80%93-day-4/ |accessdate=20 August 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=The Nabi Daniel Convoy |editor=Osnat Shiran |work= Palmach Information Center |publisher=Israel Galili Center Association |url= http://info.palmach.org.il/show_item.asp?levelId=42858&itemId=8878 |accessdate=20 August 2016}} 8. ^{{cite book |title=The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948 |edition=first |author=Uri Bar-Joseph |year=1987 |publisher=Routledge |page=61 |isbn=9780714632117 |quote=....the massacre of the 'Lamed-Heh'.... It was reemphasized by the fall of the 'Nabi Daniel' convoy.... From a purely military standpoint these two setbacks were sufficient proof that the fate of Gush Etzion was sealed. |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=db9mAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=%22Nabi+Daniel+Convoy%22&source=bl&ots=N3ms7tU0na&sig=SDYPM5Jzfh9Hqso4Dd9AIehIX3Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimhaPa9M_OAhUK7xQKHdtJA4EQ6AEINjAF#v=onepage&q=%22Nabi%20Daniel%20Convoy%22&f=false |accessdate=20 August 2016 }} 9. ^{{cite news |authors= Hillel Bardin, Dror Etkes |title= The 'Gush Etzion' masquerade |newspaper= |date=24 February 2015 |url= http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/The-Gush-Etzion-masquerade-392084 |accessdate=20 August 2016 }} 10. ^{{cite book |title=The Israel Defense Forces: A People's Army |author= Louis Williams |year=1996 |location=Jerusalem |publisher=Gefen Books |pages=177, 178, 212 |isbn= 9789650504618 |quote=The first armored vehicles were buses, trucks and tenders, clad in sandwiches of wooden sheets between two layers of iron plate. (p. 177) │ "sandwich" trucks and tenders (p. 178) │ improvised wood and iron sandwich armor (p. 212) |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8iF30PpW4QoC&pg=PA178&lpg=PA178&dq=%22sandwich+trucks%22+%22IDF%22&source=bl&ots=bVXPBwG_cF&sig=CkJAEFZXPe9rswT3p9y6qk1FYOI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjixpLA-M_OAhWBahoKHafrAEIQ6AEINTAE#v=onepage&q=%22sandwich%22&f=false |accessdate=20 August 2016 }} 11. ^{{cite news |author= Joe Yudin |title= The road up to Jerusalem, part 2 |newspaper= The Jerusalem Post |date= 7 June 2012 |url= http://www.jpost.com/Travel/Around-Israel/The-road-up-to-Jerusalem-part-2 |quote=All they had were pickup trucks. The Hagana tried to make their own armor by soldering two steel sheets on the trucks which earned them the name “sandwich trucks”. The steel only slowed down the Arab villagers’ bullets enough to stop them from exiting the trucks – the bullets would ricochet around inside. The trucks soon earned the name "deathtraps". |accessdate=20 August 2016 }} 12. ^{{cite book |title= Keeping Israel Safe: Serving in the Israel Defense Forces |author= Barbara Sofer |year= 2008 |location= Minneapolis |publisher= Kar-Ben Publishing / Lerner Publishing Group |page=42 |isbn=978-0-8225-7221-3 |quote=At first, the IDF didn’t have tanks and had to use trucks and buses reinforced with iron plates in the middle. These armored vehicles were called sandwich trucks. |url= }} 13. ^{{cite web |title=A Crusader era church, great Middle Eastern food, and the battle for the road to Jerusalem |author=Ethan Bensinger (documentary filmmaker) |work= sightseeinginisrael.com |date=18 December 2007 |url= http://sightseeinginisrael.com/battle-for-road-to-jerusalem/ |quote=vehicles, known as "sandwich trucks" whose sides consisted of two pieces of armor encasing a thick piece of wood |accessdate=20 August 2016}} 14. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Besieged Jerusalem 1948: Memories of an Irgun Fighter|url= http://www.daat.ac.il/DAAT/english/history/lapidot/23.htm |author=Yehuda Lapidot}} 15. ^{{cite web |title=Where Past and Present Meet |author=Helen Cohn (licensedtour guide) |date=7 October 2014 |url= http://israeldaysout.com/where-past-and-present-meet/ |quote= Among the dead was the commander Danny Mass. The community of Neve Daniel is named in his honour. |accessdate=20 August 2016}} 16. ^Carter's visit to Neve Daniel 17. ^[https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hSLzfkMUEadmuOTblceQdErihfAA Carter talks Mideast peace] 18. ^Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706021237/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf |date=2010-07-06 }} International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45 19. ^http://www.inn.co.il/Articles/Article.aspx/14370 20. ^{{cite news|last=Kanti|first=Yonatan|script-title=he:השראה למכירה: המקרה המוזר של הבית בגוש עציון|url=http://www.nrg.co.il/online/55/ART2/352/423.html?hp=55&cat=302&loc=7|accessdate=7 April 2012|newspaper=Nrg Maariv|date=2 April 2012|language=Hebrew|trans-title=Inspiration for sale: The curious case of the house in Gush Etzion}} 5 : Populated places established in 1982|Israeli settlements|Gush Etzion Regional Council|1982 establishments in the Palestinian territories|Community settlements |
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