“District of Columbia's at-large congressional district”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The District of Columbia's At-large congressional district is a congressional district based entirely of the District of Columbia. According to the U.S. Constitution, only states may be represented in the Congress of the United States. The District of Columbia is not a U.S. state and therefore has no voting representation. Instead, constituents in the district elect a non-voting delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. Unlike residents of U.S. territories, who also elect non-voting delegates to the Congress, D.C. residents pay federal income tax, which essentially subjects them to taxation without representation.

Despite lacking full voting privileges on the floor of the House of Representatives, delegates are voting members in U.S. Congressional committees and they lobby their congressional colleagues regarding the District's interests. While the office was initially created during the Reconstruction Era by the Radical Republicans, Norton P. Chipman (R) briefly held the seat for less than two terms before the office was eliminated completely. The seat was re-created almost a century later, shortly before the 1970 elections; Walter E. Fauntroy (D) won the 1971 special election the following March.

Since 1993, when the House of Representatives has been under Democratic control, delegates, including the District of Columbia's delegate, have been allowed to cast non-binding floor votes when the House of Representatives was operating in the Committee of the Whole.^[4]^[5]

List of delegates representing the district

Delegate

Party

Years

Electoral history

District created: March 4, 1871

Vacant

March 4, 1871 –
April 21, 1871

Norton P. Chipman

Republican

April 21, 1871 –
March 3, 1875

Seat eliminated

District eliminated: March 4, 1875

District recreated: September 22, 1970

Vacant

September 22, 1970 –
March 23, 1971

Walter E. Fauntroy

Democratic

March 23, 1971 –
January 3, 1991

Won special election
Retired to run for Mayor of Washington, D.C.

Eleanor Holmes Norton

Democratic

January 3, 1991 –
Present

Elected 1990

Election results

1870s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

See also

References

1. ^https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=11
2. ^{{cite web |work=Partisan Voting Index |title=Districts of the 113th Congress: 2004 & 2008 |publisher=The Cook Political Report |date=October 11, 2012 |accessdate=2014-02-17 |url=http://cookpolitical.com/application/writable/uploads/2012_PVI_by_District.pdf}}
3. ^{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Barone (pundit) |first2=Chuck |last2=McCutcheon |title=The Almanac of American Politics 2014 |year=2013 |pages=358- |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=978-0-226-10544-4}} Copyright National Journal.
4. ^The practice began with the 103rd Congress, but was revoked when the Republicans retook the House for the 104th Congress. Democrats reinstated the practice in the 110th Congress, but Republicans again revoked it in the 112th Congress.
5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/republican-congress-denies-dc-representative-a-vote-again/2017/01/03/a8e32760-d1c8-11e6-945a-76f69a399dd5_story.html?utm_term=.9971b68b3314|title=Republican-led Congress denies D.C. delegate a vote. Again.|last=Portnoy|first=Jenna|date=January 3, 2017|access-date=December 17, 2018|work=The Washington Post|location=Washington, D.C.}}
6. ^{{cite news |title= The District Had a Voice, if Not a Vote, in the 42nd Congress |last= Gibbs |first= C. R. |work=The Washington Post |date= March 2, 1989|page= DC3 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/140076816/ }}
7. ^{{cite news |title= The Washington Election |work= The Baltimore Sun |date= Apr 20, 1871 |page= 1 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/534047156/ }}
8. ^{{cite news |title= The District Had a Voice, if Not a Vote, in the 42nd Congress |last= Gibbs |first= C. R. |work=The Washington Post |date= March 2, 1989|page= DC3 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/140076816/}}
9. ^{{cite news |title= Fauntroy Election Certified |work= The Washington Post |date= April 6, 1971 |page= C6 |url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/148151214/ }}
10. ^{{cite news | title=General Election 2016 - Certified Results | url=https://www.dcboee.org/election_info/election_results/v3/2016/November-8-General-Election | newspaper=District of Columbia Board of Elections | access-date=December 14, 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web| title=General Election 2018 — Certified Results | url=https://electionresults.dcboe.org/election_results/2018-General-Election | publisher=District of Columbia Board of Elections | access-date=December 17, 2018}}

External links

District of Columbia Congressional District map

9 : Congressional districts of the District of Columbia|At-large United States congressional districts|Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from the District of Columbia|Constituencies established in 1871|1871 establishments in Washington, D.C.|Constituencies disestablished in 1875|1875 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.|Constituencies established in 1970|1970 establishments in Washington, D.C.