“Newport–Inglewood Fault”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Newport–Inglewood Fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault in Southern California. The fault extends for {{convert|47|mi|km|sp=us}} from Culver City southeast through Inglewood and other coastal communities to Newport Beach at which point the fault extends east-southeast into the Pacific Ocean where it is known as the Rose Canyon Fault. The fault can be inferred on the Earth's surface as passing along and through a line of hills extending from Signal Hill to Culver City. The fault has a slip rate of approximately 0.6 millimeter/year (0.02 in/year) and is predicted to be capable of a 6.0–7.4 magnitude earthquake on the moment magnitude scale. A 2017 study concluded that, together, the Newport–Inglewood Fault and Rose Canyon Fault could produce an earthquake of 7.3 or 7.4 magnitude.^[1]

The fault was first identified after a 4.9 magnitude quake struck near Inglewood, California on June 21, 1920. Due to the lack of earthquake-resistant construction in southern California at this time, this quake caused considerable damage in the Inglewood area and was a preview of what was to come almost 13 years later. The Long Beach earthquake occurred on March 10, 1933, centered along the southern segment of this fault, and registering a magnitude 6.3; this quake killed 115 people and was the second most deadly earthquake in California history, after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Seventy schools in the Long Beach and Compton area were destroyed and an additional 120 were heavily damaged by the quake; had this tremor struck during school hours, the death toll would have been much higher, some estimates as high as 1000. In response to the poor performance of school structures, the California legislature passed the Field Act in April, mandating earthquake-resistant construction for all new school buildings.

The Newport–Inglewood Fault is part of the larger system of right-lateral strike-slip faults, most prominently the San Andreas Fault, which comprise the transform zone which separates the North American tectonic plate from the Pacific Plate. The irregular hills which occur along the fault trace are a result of deformation of the sedimentary rocks by the faulting; some of the earliest petroleum production in California tap reservoirs formed by the deformation.^[2]

In July 2015, a University of California at Santa Barbara professor reported that helium-3 was leaking naturally from oil wells up to 3 km (1.8 mi) deep, along a 30 mi (48 km) stretch from Los Angeles's Westside to Newport Beach, suggesting that the fault runs deep, though not necessarily changing the earthquake outlook.^[3]

A new National Football League stadium is planned for the former Hollywood Park horse-racing track in Inglewood.^[4] The new stadium will be located within roughly two kilometers of the Newport–Inglewood Fault (when any of the maps cited in sources below are referenced to the planned location). Ironically, the competing location for a stadium in Carson was also very close to the same fault zone.

References

1. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/study-california-fault-could-cause-magnitude-74-quake/2017/03/07/7af63b36-039a-11e7-9d14-9724d48f5666_story.html | title = Study: California fault could cause magnitude-7.4 quake | author = Associated Press | date = March 7, 2017 | location = San Diego, California | work = The Washington Post | access-date = March 8, 2017}}
2. ^{{cite journal | url = http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1971-73/data/pg/0057/0001/0050/0074.htm | title = Basic Wrench Tectonics | first1 = Ronald E. | last1 = Wilcox | first2 = T. P. | last2 = Harding | first3 = D. R. | last3 = Seely | work = AAPG Bulletin | volume = 57 | issue = 1 | date = January 1973 | pages = 74–96 | publisher = American Association of Petroleum Geologists}}
3. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.news.ucsb.edu/2015/015530/deep-dark-mystery | title = A Deep, Dark Mystery: Geologist Jim Boles makes new discoveries about the Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone in the Los Angeles Basin | first = Julie | last = Cohen | date = June 29, 2015 | work = The Current (The UC Santa Barbara Current) | publisher = University of California, Santa Barbara, and The Regents of the University of California | access-date = March 8, 2017}}
4. ^{{cite news | url = http://mynewsla.com/sports/2016/01/12/its-la-rams-and-maybe-la-chargers-in-inglewood/ | title = It’s LA Rams and maybe LA Chargers in Inglewood! | first = Debbie L. | last = Sklar | date = January 12, 2016 | work = MyNewsLA.com | publisher = CalNews Inc. | access-date = March 8, 2017}}

References

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