“Newtown, Connecticut”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In 1705, English colonists purchased the Townsite from the Pohtatuck Indians, a branch of the Pasgussett. It was originally known as Quanneapague. Settled by migrants from Stratford and incorporated in 1711, Newtown residents had many business and trading ties with the English. It was a stronghold of Tory sentiment during the early Revolutionary War. Late in the war, French General Rochambeau and his troops encamped there in 1781 during their celebrated march on their way to the siege of Yorktown, Virginia, which ended the Revolution.^[5]

An important crossroads throughout its early history, the village of Hawleyville briefly emerged as a railroad center. The town's population grew to over 4,000 circa 1881. In the following decades, the population dwindled to a low of 2,635 in 1930 before again growing.^[6]

Local industry has included the manufacture of furniture, tea bags, combs, fire hoses, folding boxes, buttons, and hats, as well as farming, and mica and feldspar mining. The game of "Scrabble" was developed here by James Brunot.^[7]

From the period of highway development and suburbanization following World War II, the town has developed as a suburb of Danbury, with many people also commuting to Norwalk, Stamford, and Bridgeport.

In November 1986, Helle Crafts was killed by her husband Richard Crafts in the infamous "Woodchipper Murder".

Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

{{As of|2012|12|alt=On December 14, 2012}}, Adam Lanza shot his mother at her home and then drove to Sandy Hook Elementary School where he killed 20 children and 6 adult staff. Adam committed suicide as police arrived at the school.^[8]

Adam suffered from severe mental health issues which were left untreated. The event reignited a debate regarding access to firearms by people with mental illness and gun laws in the United States.^[9]

Geography

The northeastern border of the town is a natural border that follows the Housatonic River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of {{convert|59.1|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|57.8|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|1.3|sqmi}}, or 2.22%, is water. Newtown is located in northern Fairfield County, about {{convert|45|mi|km}} southwest of Hartford and about {{convert|42|mi|km}} northeast of New York City.^[10] The state's fifth largest town in area, it is bordered by Bethel, Bridgewater, Brookfield, Easton, Monroe, Oxford, Redding and Southbury.

Principal communities

Smaller communities include Camelot, Head of Meadow (not necessarily related to Head O'Meadow Elementary School), Hopewell, Huntingtown, Lands End, Middle Gate, Palestine, and Taunton.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 25,031 people, 8,325 households, and 6,776 families residing in the town. The population density was 433.4 people per square mile (167.3/km²). There were 8,601 housing units at an average density of 148.9 per square mile (57.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.14% White, 1.75% Black or African American, 0.14% Native American, 1.40% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.64% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.36% of the population.

There were 8,325 households out of which 44.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.3% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the town, the population was spread out with 29.3% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $90,193, and the median income for a family was $99,192 (these figures had risen to $101,937 and $119,175 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $68,965 versus $42,217 for females. The per capita income for the town was $37,786. About 2.2% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Parks and recreation

The town of Newtown offers many programs for area residents. Numerous parks and fields offer playgrounds, swimming, tennis, softball, baseball, volleyball, lacrosse, soccer, as well as a nature center and trails. Prominent Newtown parks include Treadwell Park, Dickinson Park, and Collis P. Huntington State Park. Treadwell Park, named after former selectman Timothy Treadwell, contains recreation facilities and the town pool. Dickinson park used to contain a swimming pool, which was a large asphalt-lined bowl-shaped depression surrounded by a grass "beach". It was a uniquely safe design for children because there was no "deep end"; however, it lacked a formal filtration system and required attendants to periodically row out and manually add chlorine to the water. The asphalt was removed and the pond pool filled with earth in 2006.

Government

In Connecticut politics, the town of Newtown is required to have both a Democratic and a Republican Town Committee.^[12]^[13] The Town Committee members vote on which candidates to endorse for public elections. Elected to a two-year term, the Board of Selectmen supervise the administration of the affairs of the town, except those matters which by the General Statute or Town Charter are exclusively committed to the Board of Education or other departments. They are led by a First Selectman, who is the Chief Executive and Administrative Officer of the town. The Board of Selectmen, with the assistance of the departments and boards and commission, prepares the annual budget for the town in February. The Board of Education prepares and passes an education budget for the town schools at the same time. Both budgets then proceed to the Board of Finance, who reviews the town budget and education budget before being sent to the Legislative Council. The Legislative Council of 12 members (elected to the same two-year terms) acts as the legislative body of the town and has the power to pass ordinances and approve budgets for referenda. Final budget approval is subject to a town-wide referendum. These procedures are set forth in the Town Charter adopted and reviewed by the citizens.

The Borough of Newtown occupies about {{convert|1252|acre|km2}} (or roughly two square miles) in the central part of town. Incorporated in 1824 by an act of the Connecticut General Assembly, it is one of only nine boroughs in the state. The borough adopted zoning for the town center long before the rest of the community. The lot sizes are smaller than the minimum {{convert|1|acre|m2|adj=on}} lots of the rest of the community. The borough also has running public water provided by the Water & Sewer Authority.^[14] Much of the borough is sewered, whereas most of the rest of the town have wells and septic systems.^[15]

Law enforcement

The Newtown Police Department has existed since 1971. It is located at 3 Main Street (Town Hall South). The police chief is James Viadero and the Captain of the department is Christopher Vanghele.^[16] The department has 45 sworn officers in uniform.^[17]

Landmarks

Newtown has a number of local landmarks. The flagpole, first erected in 1876, now stands in the center of Main Street. The Newtown Bee, the local weekly newspaper, has been serving the area since 1877, and has been owned and operated by the Smith family since 1881. Across from the flagpole is Newtown Meeting House, which served as the town's Congregational church for many years. The rooster weather vane (a town symbol), located atop the meeting house, is said to have been used as a target by French soldiers encamped here in 1781 during the Revolutionary War.

Hawley School is a landmark constructed in the 1920s. It has been used as a whole-town school, a high school, and an elementary school. It is currently used as an elementary school. Though it has served many different school functions, its original section has remained much the same. Two additions have been added.

Newtown is the site of the Fairfield Hills State Hospital, an asylum constructed in the 1930s and closed in 1995. The hospital was used as the set of the juvenile facility in the film Sleepers in 1995.

In the 21st century, Newtown purchased the property and, as of 2007, was considering a controversial plan for redevelopment. In 2008, the NYA (Newtown Youth Academy) began to operate there; extracurricular amenities include a fitness section, basketball courts, and a turf field.

Edmond Town Hall

Constructed in 1930 by a private benefactress for the community, the Town Hall is used for public-private purposes. Offices for the town are located there. The facility also has available for private rental the Alexandria Room for weddings, parties and recitals; and smaller meeting rooms that can be reserved by community groups. A gymnasium is used for community sports events, as well as private parties, and art or craft shows.

The Edmond Town hall is notable for its cinema. The theater shows popular films shortly after they leave mainstream theaters. It is the only $3 film theater in Connecticut. It is a popular spot for middle school and high school students.

The theater has been the primary venue for the Newtown Friends of Music chamber music concerts, the Flagpole Radio Café productions, and several others. The "Live at the Edmond Town Hall" concert series was created by Newtown resident Hayden Bates in 2009. All proceeds are put towards aiding the Edmond's theater upgrades. Headliners have included The Low Anthem, The Bill Frisell and Sam Amidon Duo, Brown Bird and Phosphorescent. In 2014, the theater began showing classic films through the Sunday Cinema Series, later changed to the Someday Cinema Series. A dozen films from 1939 were selected to celebrate The Greatest Year in Film, most sponsored by community members and local businesses, and presented by the Newtown Cultural Arts Commission.

The Board of Managers of the Hall is composed of six members serving six-year terms. At each regular Town Election, two members are elected, who must represent different political parties. According to Town Charter, the Board "shall have the exclusive care and maintenance of Edmond Town Hall and all grounds and buildings appurtenant thereto, together with all powers and duties prescribed for said Board by Special Act No. 98 of the 1931 session by which it was created, as amended by Special Act No. 517 of the 1953 session".

The architect was Philip Sutherland, who also designed Cyrenius H. Booth Library. The Town Hall was constructed for the community by a local benefactress Mary Elizabeth Hawley and dedicated in 1930. The building was named for Miss Hawley’s maternal great-grandfather Judge William Edmond.

Cyrenius H. Booth Library

Newtown's public library was opened December 17, 1932, with a capacity for 25,000 volumes. The library is a posthumous gift of Mary Elizabeth Hawley. She named it for her maternal grandfather, a doctor in town from 1820 until his death in 1871. Hawley's gift paid for construction of the building, and an endowment, a trust fund of about $250,000. As a result, the town did not have to provide any financial support to the library until the 1980s.^[18]

Designed by Philip Sutherland, the building was considered one of the most modern libraries of its time, with several innovative features. The building was fireproof, had cork floors and acoustic ceiling tiles to deaden sound, and had a built-in humidifying unit and a centralized vacuum cleaner.^[18]

In January 1998 an addition to the rear of the building was completed and officially opened. The expansion doubled the available floor space. It provides areas for meetings and displays of art and local historical artifacts from the library's large collection.^[18]

National Register of Historic Places

Economy

Of the residents of Newtown, many commute to jobs in Manhattan, Hartford, and Stamford.^[19]

Major employers

According to the Newtown Connecticut Economic Development Commission, the top employers in the Newtown and Sandy Hook area are:^[20]

Education

The Newtown Public Schools district operates four elementary schools (Hawley Elementary School, Head O'Meadow Elementary School, Middle Gate Elementary School, and Sandy Hook Elementary School) that serve grades K-4, Reed Intermediate School serving grades 5–6, Newtown Middle School serving grades 7–8, and Newtown High School serving grades 9–12.^[21]

Newtown also has several private and parochial schools, including St. Rose of Lima Roman Catholic School, the Fraser-Woods Montessori School, and the Housatonic Valley Waldorf School.^[22]

Notable people

Notable residents have included James Purdy, who ministered to smallpox victims during the American Civil War;^[24] Mary Elizabeth Hawley, Newtown's benefactress;^[25] Joseph F. Engelberger, an engineer and entrepreneur who is often credited with being the "Father of Robotics" – the Robotics Industries Association annually presents the Joseph F. Engelberger Awards to "persons who have contributed outstandingly to the furtherance of the science and practice of robotics."; and Caitlyn Jenner (then Bruce),{{efn|Jenner changed her name due to gender transition in 2015.^[26] }} 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon gold medalist, attended Newtown High School. This list includes individuals who were born, died, resided (for all or part of their lives), worked, and/or attended school in Newtown, CT or one of its communities.

Notes

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=The Connecticut Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoEyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA333|year=1903|publisher=Connecticut Magazine Company|page=333}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=USCensus for NewTown|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newtowntownfairfieldcountyconnecticut/PST045216|publisher=census.gov|accessdate=August 17, 2017}}
3. ^¹{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=November 4, 2014}}
4. ^https://patch.com/connecticut/newtown/06470-is-one-of-connecticuts-richest-zip-codes 06470 Is One Of Connecticut's Richest ZIP Codes
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://newtownbee.com/part-of-the-story-of-the-revolution-lies-in-a-field-on-church-hill-road/|title=Newtowns Revolutionary War Story|publisher=newtownbee.com|accessdate=August 17, 2017}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newtown-ct.gov/sites/newtownct/files/uploads/newtownpopulation.pdf|title=Newtown Population Analysis|publisher=newtown-ct.gov|accessdate=August 17, 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=James Brunot entry on Board Game Geek|url=http://boardgamegeek.com/boardgamedesigner/23572/james-brunot}}
8. ^{{cite news|first=Miguel|last=Llanos|title=Authorities ID gunman who killed 27 in elementary school massacre|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/14/15911025-authorities-id-gunman-who-killed-27-in-elementary-school-massacre?lite|newspaper=NBC News|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=December 14, 2012|date=December 14, 2012}}
9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Barry|first=Colleen L.|last2=McGinty|first2=Emma E.|last3=Vernick|first3=Jon S.|last4=Webster|first4=Daniel W.|title=After Newtown — Public Opinion on Gun Policy and Mental Illness|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMp1300512|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=368|issue=12|pages=1077–1081|doi=10.1056/nejmp1300512}}
10. ^"Connecticut elementary school shooting: Multiple deaths reported {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214171355/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-connecticut-school-shooting-20121214,0,4678476.story |date=December 14, 2012 }}." Chicago Tribune. December 14, 2012. Retrieved on December 14, 2012.
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}
12. ^Newtown CT Democrats | Helping to make it nicer in Newtown
13. ^Newtown Republican Town Committee - Monthly Meeting | Newtown Volunteer, Government, and Organizations Events on Patch - Newtown, CT Patch
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newtown-ct.gov/water-sewer-authority|title=Newtown Water and Sewer Authority|publisher=newtown-ct.gov|accessdate=August 17, 2017}}
15. ^"Welcome to the Town of Newtown!", town government Web site. Accessed March 28, 2007
16. ^{{cite web|title=Newtown Police Department|url=http://www.newtown-ct.gov/Public_Documents/NewtownCT_Police/index|publisher=Town of Newtown|accessdate=December 17, 2012}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=History of NDPS|url=http://www.newtown-ct.gov/public_documents/newtownct_police/NDPS%20history/Timeline|publisher=Town of Newtown|accessdate=December 17, 2012}}
18. ^¹²Cruson, Daniel, "The Cyrenius H. Booth Library History" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070624121139/http://www.chboothlibrary.org/history.php |date=June 24, 2007 }}, Cyrenius H. Booth Library website. Accessed March 28, 2007
19. ^Candiotti, Susan and Greg Botelho. "'Unspeakable sadness' as Obama meets with shooting victims' kin." CNN. Sunday December 16, 2012. Retrieved on December 16, 2012.
20. ^{{Cite web| url = http://newtown.org/doing-business-here/major-employers/| title = Major Employers - Newtown EDC| website = Newtown EDC| language = en-US| access-date = February 26, 2016}}
21. ^NewtownCT_Finance (document) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408113341/http://www.newtown-ct.gov/public_documents/NewtownCT_Finance/Newtown%20SSA%206-30-11.pdf/ |date=April 8, 2013 }}, town government Web site.
22. ^State Department of Education - CEDaR
23. ^Educators Top List of Gross Salaries - Newtown, CT Patch
24. ^{{cite book|first=Daniel|last=Cruson|title=The Slaves of Central Fairfield County: The Journey from Slave to Freeman in Nineteenth-Century Connecticut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eR7wzFKjL3cC&pg=PA103|accessdate=March 1, 2013|date=February 28, 2007|publisher=The History Press|isbn=978-1-59629-151-5|pages=103–}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Who Was Mary Hawley?|url=http://www.maryhawleysociety.org/index.php/mary-hawley|publisher=The Mary Hawley Society|accessdate=March 1, 2013}}
26. ^{{cite web|first = Buzz|last = Bissinger|authorlink = Buzz Bissinger |title=Introducing Caitlyn Jenner|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/06/caitlyn-jenner-bruce-cover-annie-leibovitz/|work=Vanity Fair|date=June 1, 2015|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}
27. ^Search Artists / American Art. Americanart.si.edu. Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
28. ^"About the Author", section of Powell's Books Web site. "Steven Kellogg lives in Sandy Hook, Connecticut." Accessed March 28, 2007
29. ^Kirk, Andrew, "Celebrities With Ties to Newtown, Connecticut – Site of Horrific School Shootings", newstalk870.am, December 14, 2012.
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newstimes.com/realestate/article/Newtown-home-once-belonged-to-humorist-James-11055925.php|title=Newtown Home belonging to James Thurber|publisher=newstimes.com|accessdate=August 17, 2017}}

History