| 词条 | Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
In Australia, electoral districts for the Australian House of Representatives are called divisions or more commonly referred to as electorates or seats. There are currently 150 single-member electorates for the Australian House of Representatives. Constitutional and legal requirementsSection 24 of the Constitution of Australia requires that the total number of members of the Australian House of Representatives shall be "as nearly as practicable" twice as many as the number of members of the Australian Senate. The section also requires that electorates be apportioned among the states in proportion to their respective populations; provided that each original state has at least 5 members in the House of Representatives, a provision that has given Tasmania higher representation than its population would justify. There are also two electorates in both the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. In addition, Section 29 forbids electorate boundaries from crossing state lines, forcing populated areas along state and territory borders to be placed in different electorates, such as Albury in New South Wales being part of the electorate of Farrer, while nearby Wodonga in Victoria is part of the electorate of Indi. The same restriction does not apply to territories, and several current electoral divisions incorporate electors from multiple territories. This is currently the case for the Division of Bean (covering part of the ACT and the whole of Norfolk Island), the Division of Fenner (covering part of the ACT and the whole of Jervis Bay Territory), and the Division of Lingiari (covering part of the Northern Territory and the whole of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands). The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 sets out further provisions.[1] Apportionment{{main article|Redistribution (Australia)}}The Australian Electoral Commission determines from time to time the number of members to which each state and territory is entitled and the boundaries of each electorate, in a process known in Australia as redistribution. Within each state and territory, electoral boundaries are redrawn from time to time. This takes place at least once every 7 years, or when the state's entitlement to the number of members of the House of Representatives changes. Boundaries are drawn by a Redistribution Committee, and apportionment within a state is on the basis of the number of enrolled voters rather than total residents or "population". The number of enrolled voters in each division cannot vary by more than 10% from the average across a state or territory, nor can the number of voters vary by more than 3.5% from the average projected enrolment 3.5 years into the future. However, due to various reasons, larger seats like Fenner (Australian Capital Territory) contain more than double the electors of smaller seats like Lingiari (Northern Territory). NamingThe Divisions of the House of Representatives are unusual in that many of them are not named after geographical features or numbered, as is the case in most other legislatures around the world. Most Divisions are named in honour of prominent historical people, such as former politicians (often Prime Ministers), explorers, artists and engineers. In some cases where a Division is named after a geographical locality, the connection to that locality is sometimes tenuous. For instance, the Division of Werriwa, created in 1901, was named after the Aboriginal word for Lake George in the Canberra region. However, Werriwa has not contained Lake George for many decades, and has steadily moved some 200 km north to the south-western suburbs of Sydney over the past century. List of Divisions in 2016The maps below show the Division boundaries as they existed at the Australian federal election, 2016. New South WalesThere are 47 Divisions in New South Wales:
Due to changing demographics, New South Wales lost one seat in the House of Representatives as of the 2016 federal election. The redistribution involved extensive changes to existing boundaries, with approximately 20 per cent of voters in New South Wales being moved into a new electorate. The AEC's initial proposal called for the Division of Hunter to be abolished, with its voters absorbed into the neighbouring electorates of Charlton, New England, and Paterson. Due to the AEC's practice of giving preference to the names of the so-called 'Federation divisions'—those contested at the first federal election in 1901, Charlton would have to be renamed Hunter.[2] Further, the Division of Throsby was renamed Whitlam, after former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam—part of another AEC practice of honouring deceased Prime Ministers with electoral divisions.[2] The final map, however, saw Charlton abolished, with Hunter moving eastward to absorb most of Charlton's territory. The name change from Throsby to Whitlam remained in effect.[3] {{clear}}VictoriaThere are 37 Divisions in Victoria (21 in Melbourne):
QueenslandThere are 30 Divisions in Queensland:
Western AustraliaThere are 16 Divisions in Western Australia:
Due to Western Australia's growing population, the state gained a 16th seat before the 2016 federal election.[4] The Australian Electoral Commission has named the seat Burt after one of Western Australia's most prominent legal families, and three members thereof in particular:
Burt is located in the south-eastern suburbs of Perth, and was created out of portions of the neighbouring divisions of Canning, Hasluck and Tangney, and a small portion of Swan.[4] Based on the results of the 2013 federal election, the new electorate of Burt was notionally a Liberal seat, with a TPP margin of 5.2 percent.[5] {{clear}}South AustraliaThere are 11 Divisions in South Australia:
TasmaniaThere are 5 Divisions in Tasmania:
Australian Capital TerritoryThere are 2 Divisions in the ACT:
From 1 July 2016, the Division of Canberra also includes voters from Norfolk Island.[6] Prior to the 2016 federal election, the Division of Fenner was known as the Division of Fraser. The new name honours the Australian virologist Frank Fenner (1914–2010),[7] and the change was due to plans by the Australian Electoral Commission to name a Victorian electorate after former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser when that state next undergoes an electoral redistribution.[8] Northern TerritoryThere are 2 Divisions in the Northern Territory:
New divisions (2019)On 31 August 2017, the Australian Electoral Commission determined that due to population figures, Victoria and the ACT would gain an extra seat, while South Australia would lose a seat. This will take into effect at the next Australian federal election.[9] The new divisions are
In addition, the Division of Port Adelaide was abolished.[10] Abolished divisionsThese Australian Divisions no longer exist: {{div col|colwidth=18em}}
See also
External links
References1. ^Australian Electoral Commission.Research Report 4 – Australian Federal Redistributions 1901–2003. Accessed 5 May 2008. {{Parliament of Australia}}2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/oct/16/labors-joel-fitzgibbon-loses-seat-under-proposal-to-redraw-boundaries|title=Labor's Joel Fitzgibbon loses seat under proposal to redraw electoral boundaries|first=Gabrielle|last=Chan|date=16 October 2015|website=the Guardian}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.abc.net.au/antonygreen/2016/03/2016-federal-election-pendulum-update.html|title=Antony Green|date=11 October 2011|website=ABC News}} 4. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=http://www.aec.gov.au/Electorates/Redistributions/2014/wa/proposed-report/files/proposed-report.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054716/http://www.aec.gov.au/Electorates/Redistributions/2014/wa/proposed-report/files/proposed-report.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/wa-federal-redistribution-2015/|title=2015 Western Australian Federal redistribution - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)|website=ABC News}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aec.gov.au/Enrolling_to_vote/Special_Category/Norfolk_Island_electors.htm |title=Norfolk Island Electors |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission |date=23 May 2016 |accessdate=18 June 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-28/electorate-of-canberra-creeps-north-to-encompass-inner-city/7122282|title=ACT electorate boundaries change, seat of Fraser renamed|date=28 January 2016|publisher=}} 8. ^{{Cite web |url=http://aec.gov.au/Electorates/Redistributions/2014/act/proposed-report/files/proposed-report.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095715/http://aec.gov.au/Electorates/Redistributions/2014/act/proposed-report/files/proposed-report.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.aec.gov.au/media/media-releases/2017/08-31.htm |title=Determination of membership entitlement to the House of Representatives |date=31 August 2017 |website=aec.gov.au |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission |accessdate=20 July 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/federal-redistribution-2018/ |title=2017-18 Federal Redistributions |author=Antony Green |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=20 July 2018}} 5 : Politics of Australia|Subdivisions of Australia|Lists of Australian electorates|Australia politics-related lists|Australian House of Representatives |
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