| 词条 | Dizziness |
| 释义 |
| name = Dizziness | synonyms = | image = 暈-seal.svg | caption = Depicting the character 暈 (dizziness) in the seal script of Ancient Chinese | pronounce = | field = ENT surgery | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }}Dizziness is an impairment in spatial perception and stability.[1] The term dizziness is imprecise:[2] it can refer to vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium,[3] or a non-specific feeling such as giddiness or foolishness.[4] One can induce dizziness by engaging in disorientating activities such as spinning.
A stroke is the cause of isolated dizziness in 0.7% of people who present to the emergency department.[5] ClassificationDizziness is broken down into 4 main subtypes: vertigo (~50%), disequilibrium (less than ~15%), presyncope (less than ~15%) and lightheadedness (~10%).[5] MechanismMany conditions cause dizziness because multiple parts of the body are required for maintaining balance including the inner ear, eyes, muscles, skeleton, and the nervous system.[6] Common physiological causes of dizziness include:
DiagnosisDifferential diagnosisMany conditions are associated with dizziness. Dizziness can accompany certain serious events, such as a concussion or brain bleed, epilepsy and seizures (convulsions), strokes, and cases of meningitis and encephalitis. However, the most common subcategories can be broken down as follows: 40% peripheral vestibular dysfunction, 10% central nervous system lesion, 15% psychiatric disorder, 25% presyncope/disequilibrium, and 10% nonspecific dizziness.[9] Some vestibular pathologies have symptoms that are comorbid with mental disorders.[10] The medical conditions that often have dizziness as a symptom include:[9][11][6][12]
EpidemiologyAbout 20–30% of the population report to have experienced dizziness at some point in the previous year.[14] See also{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
References1. ^{{DorlandsDict|three/000031973|dizziness}} 2. ^{{MeshName|Dizziness}} 3. ^{{cite book |chapterurl=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dons/part_2/chapter_14.html#chpt_14_presyncope |chapter=Chapter 14: Evaluation of the Dizzy Patient |author=Reeves, Alexander G. |author2=Swenson, Rand S. |title=Disorders of the Nervous System: A Primer |year=2008 |publisher=Dartmouth Medical School |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dons/index.html}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-dizziness |title=Approach to the patient with dizziness |author=Branch Jr., William T. |author2=Barton, Jason J. S. |work=UpToDate |date=February 10, 2011}} 5. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Post RE, Dickerson LM |title=Dizziness: a diagnostic approach |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=361–8, 369 |date=August 2010 |pmid=20704166 }} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title=Dizziness and Vertigo |year=2009 |publisher=Merck Manual |url=http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec08/ch084/ch084e.html?qt=dizziness&alt=sh}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm245011.htm|title=Drug Safety and Availability – FDA Drug Safety Communication: Low magnesium levels can be associated with long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitor drugs (PPIs)|first=Center for Drug Evaluation and|last=Research|date=|website=www.fda.gov|accessdate=17 April 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rxlist.com/coumadin-side-effects-drug-center.htm|title=Common Side Effects of Coumadin (Warfarin Sodium) Drug Center – RxList|author=|date=|website=rxlist.com|accessdate=17 April 2018}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Chan Y |title=Differential diagnosis of dizziness |journal=Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=200–3 |date=June 2009 |pmid=19365263 |doi=10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b2594 |url=}} 10. ^Lawson, B. D., Rupert, A. H., & Kelley, A. M. (2013). Mental Disorders Comorbid with Vestibular Pathology. Psychiatric Annals, 43(7), 324. 11. ^{{cite journal |author=Tusa RJ |title=Dizziness |journal=Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=263–71, vii |date=March 2009 |pmid=19272508 |doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2008.09.005 |url=}} 12. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Bronstein AM, Lempert T |title=Management of the patient with chronic dizziness |journal=Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=83–90 |year=2010 |pmid=20086285 |doi=10.3233/RNN-2010-0530 |url=}} 13. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Connor RE, Brady W, Brooks SC, etal |title=Part 10: acute coronary syndromes: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care |journal=Circulation |volume=122 |issue=18 Suppl 3 |pages=S787–817 |date=November 2010 |pmid=20956226 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971028 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=20956226}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite journal |vauthors=Neuhauser HK, Lempert T |title=Vertigo: epidemiologic aspects |journal=Semin Neurol |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=473–81 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19834858 |doi=10.1055/s-0029-1241043 |url=http://edoc.rki.de/oa/articles/redMw1x2qc1PA/PDF/28bPty5WOzjUE.pdf}} External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 17771 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|42||r|40}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|780.4}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | eMedicineSubj = neuro | eMedicineTopic = 693 | MeshID = D004244 | MedlinePlus = 003093 }}
1 : Neurological disorders |
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