| 词条 | Niggerhead |
| 释义 |
In several English-speaking countries, niggerhead or nigger head is a former name for several things thought to resemble the head of a black person (cf. "nigger").[1][2] The term was once widely used for all sorts of things, including nautical bollards[3][4] and consumer products including soap, chewing tobacco, stove polish, canned oysters and shrimp, golf tees, and toy cap pistols, among others. It was often used for geographic features such as hills and rocks and geological objects such as geodes.[5][6] The term appears in several US patents for mechanical devices prior to about 1950.[7][8] Languages other than English have used similar terms to describe chocolate-coated marshmallow treats. In 1955, the Aughinbaugh Canning Company of Mississippi renamed its "Nigger Head Brand" oysters to "Negro Head Brand" following pressure from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.[9] More than a hundred "Niggerheads", and other place names now considered racially offensive, were changed in 1962 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, but many local names remained unchanged.[10] In October 2011, while Rick Perry was running for president of the United States, controversial reports that his family leased a hunting camp once called "Niggerhead" caused his record on racial issues to be scrutinized.[11] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Koch|first=Harold|last2=Hercus|first2=Luise|title=Aboriginal Placenames: Naming and Re-Naming the Australian Landscape |year=2009|publisher=ANU E Press|location=Canberra|isbn=978-1-921666-08-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyHh-OrnRGoC&pg=PA199&dq=Niggerhead&hl=en&ei=eFfFTuv9AtH82gWP_KmmBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=9&ved=0CFYQuwUwCA#v=onepage&q=Niggerhead&f=false|page=200}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Whitney|first=William Dwight|last2=Smith|first2=Benjamin Eli|title=The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia|year=1911|publisher=The Century co|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhTpAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA4335&dq=Niggerhead&hl=en&ei=81rFToe5EvO42gWepMDoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBzgo#v=onepage&q=Niggerhead&f=false|page=4335}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/surfskill-a.htm |title=Skill in the Surf – A Landing Boat Manual |publisher= Accessed via Naval History & Heritage Command |date=February 1945 |accessdate=2013-01-05}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/niggerhead |title=English Dictionary – Definition of "niggerhead" |publisher=Collins |accessdate=2013-10-05 }} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Mordoh|first=Alice|title=The Old Traditional Way of Life|year=1989|publisher=Trickster Press|location=Indiana University Folklore Institute|isbn=0-915305-02-X|pages=99}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Wallace|first=Samuel|title=The American Journal of Science and Arts VolXV|year=1878|publisher=New Haven|pages=366}} 7. ^ {{ cite patent | country = US | number = 2157153 | status = patent | title = Niggerhead | pubdate = 1939-05-09 | gdate = | fdate = 1936-08-13 | pridate = 1936-08-13 | inventor = Herman J Toche | assign1 = American Coach And Body Company | class = ECLA classification}} 8. ^ {{ cite patent | country = US | number = 2585991 | status = patent | title = Niggerhead | pubdate = 1952-02-19 | gdate = | fdate = 1949-08-24 | pridate = 1949-08-24 | inventor = John Balmer | assign1 = John Balmer | class = }} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Johnson Publishing Company|title=Jet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28|accessdate=2013-05-01|date=18 August 1955|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|page=28|issn=0021-5996}} 10. ^{{cite news|last=McCrummen|first=Stephanie|title=At Rick Perry’s Texas hunting spot, camp’s old racially charged name lingered|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/rick-perry-familys-hunting-camp-still-known-to-many-by-old-racially-charged-name/2011/10/01/gIQAOhY5DL_story.html|accessdate=2 October 2011|newspaper=Washington Post|date=2 October 2011}} 11. ^{{Cite news|title=At Rick Perry’s Texas hunting spot, camp’s old racially charged name lingered|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/rick-perry-familys-hunting-camp-still-known-to-many-by-old-racially-charged-name/2011/10/01/gIQAOhY5DL_story.html|date=October 1, 2011|first=Stephanie|last=McCrummen|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=October 3, 2011}} External links
2 : English toponyms|English words |
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