| 词条 | Nimba otter shrew |
| 释义 |
| name = Nimba otter shrew | image = | status = VU | status_system = iucn3.1 | trend = down | status_ref = [1] | genus = Micropotamogale | species = lamottei | authority = Heim de Balsac, 1954 | range_map = Nimba Otter Shrew area.png | range_map_caption = Nimba otter shrew range }} The Nimba otter shrew (Micropotamogale lamottei) is a dwarf otter shrew and belongs to the mammal family Potamogalidae. Otter shrews are shrew-like afrotherian mammals found in sub-Saharan Africa. They are most closely related to the tenrecs of Madagascar.[2] This species belongs to the genus Micropotamogale, literally meaning "tiny river weasel". It is native to the Mount Nimba area which rests along the border of Liberia, Guinea, and Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) in West Africa. DescriptionThe Nimba otter shrew is a small bodied mammal. Weighing only about 125 grams (4.5 ounces) it has a body length of 6-9 inches(15–22 cm.) with 1/4 to 1/3 of its body size being its tail. It has been described as a "miniature sea otter with a rat tail".[3] Its pelage is long, hiding its ears and eyes, and almost always universally colored (usually brown, but black and gray otter shrews have been spotted).[4] Evolution and life historyThe Nimba otter shrew is classified as a member of Potamogalidae, which is related to with afrotherian tenrecs, based on morphological structures. Molecular data also support the relationship.[5] Unfortunately, due to heavy mining operations for iron ore in the Mount Nimba area, the fossil record is all but destroyed. It is also difficult for scientists to gain access because the mountain crosses the borders of three different countries.[6] Ecology and behaviorThe Nimba otter shrew is nocturnal and semiaquatic.[4] It resides in soft soils around creek beds and streams. It is a solitary creature and has only been seen with other shrews during mating seasons and when a mother is nursing newly born young.[7] The breeding pattern of the Nimba otter shrew is also unknown, but believed to be polygamous; as there have been no witnessed accounts of breeding in the wild and the Nimba otter shrew has not mated in captivity.[8] Conservation statusThe IUCN had listed the Nimba otter shrew as endangered in 1990, but in 2018 the status was changed to vulnerable.[1] The species is confined to an area less than 5,000 square km on Mount Nimba, which is currently fragmented due to mining and wetland rice agriculture. The mining operations also produce runoff into the creeks and streambeds that is highly toxic.[8] The current population is decreasing at a rate of 1 per 10 square km (almost 500 otter shrews per year).[1] Although an exact number is unknown at this time, there is believed to be less than 2500-3500 individuals in the wild and there are none in captivity [9]. At this rate the Nimba otter shrew will be extinct between 2017 and 2020.[10] References1. ^1 2 Stephenson, P.J., Monadjem, A., Decher, J. & Phalan, B. 2018. Micropotamogale lamottei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T13393A111940150. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T13393A111940150.en. Downloaded on 18 December 2018. {{Afrosoricida|T.}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q243994}}2. ^{{cite journal|last1= Everson|first1=K. M.|last2= Soarimalala|first2= V.|last3= Goodman|first3=S. M.|last4= Olson|first4= L. E.|title= Multiple Loci and Complete Taxonomic Sampling Resolve the Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of Tenrecs (Mammalia: Tenrecidae) and Reveal Higher Speciation Rates in Madagascar's Humid Forests|journal=Systematic Biology|volume= 65|issue= 5|year= 2016|pages= 890–909|doi= 10.1093/sysbio/syw034|pmid=27103169}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Kuhn|first=H|title=An Adult Female Micropotamogale lamottei|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|year=1971|volume=52|issue=2|pages=477–478|doi=10.2307/1378706|jstor=1378706}} 4. ^1 {{Animal Burnie|pages=104}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last=van Dijk|first=M.O.|author2=O. Madsen|author3=F. Catzeflis|author4=M. Stanhope|author5=W. de Jong|author6=M. Pagel|title=Protein sequence signatures support the African clade of mammals|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |year=2011|volume=98|issue=1|pages=188–193 |pmid=11114173 |pmc=14566|doi=10.1073/pnas.250216797}} 6. ^{{cite journal|author=Africa Confidential|journal=Africa Confidential|date=July 2000|volume=41|issue=15|pages=1–8|doi=10.1111/1467-6338.00090|title=Africa Confidential. Volume 41 Number 15. Published 21 July 2000}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Stephan|first=H|author2=H. Kuhn |title=The Brain of Micropotamogale lamottei|journal=Heim de Balsac|year=1954|volume=47|pages=129–142}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Amori|first=G.|author2=F. Chiozza |author3=C. Rondinini |author4=L. Luiselli |title=Country-based patterns of total species richness, endemicity, and threatened species richness in African rodents and insectivores|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|year=2011|volume=20|issue=6|pages=1225–1237|doi=10.1007/s10531-011-0024-1}} 9. ^https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13393/111940150#assessment-information 10. ^{{cite journal|last=Amori|first=G.|author2=S. Masciola |author3=J. Saarto |author4=S. Gippoliti |author5=C. Rondinini |author6=F. Chiozza |author7=L. Luiselli |title=Spatial turnover and knowledge gap of African small mammals: using country checklists as a conservation tool|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|year=2012|volume=21|issue=7|pages=1755–1793|doi=10.1007/s10531-012-0275-5}} 4 : Afrosoricida|EDGE species|Mammals described in 1954|Aquatic mammals |
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