| 释义 |
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{{redirect|Ningguta|the butterfly|Ninguta schrenckii}}{{Infobox settlement
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Ning'an}}
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|native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|宁安市}}}}}}
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|settlement_type =County-level city
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|image_map = ChinaMudanjiangNingan.png
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|pushpin_map =China Heilongjiang
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Heilongjiang
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|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = People's Republic of China
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Heilongjiang
|subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city
|subdivision_name2 = Mudanjiang
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|elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_min_m = |population_as_of =|population_footnotes =|population_note =|population_total =|population_density_km2 =auto |population_metro =|population_density_metro_km2 =|population_urban =|population_density_urban_km2 =|population_blank1_title =|population_blank1 =|population_density_blank1_km2 = |timezone = China Standard|utc_offset = +8|coordinates = {{coord|44.341|N|129.483|E|format=dms|type:adm3rd_region:CN-23_source:Gaode|display=it}}|postal_code_type = Postal code|postal_code = 157400|area_code = 0453|blank_name = Climate|blank_info = Dwb|blank1_name =|blank1_info =|website ={{URL|www.ningan.gov.cn/}}|footnotes = }}Ning'an ({{zh|s=宁安|p=Níng'ān}}) is a city located approximately {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} southwest of Mudanjiang, in the southeast of Heilongjiang province, China, bordering Jilin province to the south. It is located on the Mudanjiang River (formerly known as Hurka River), which flows north, eventually falling into the Sungari River near Sanxing.Administratively, Ning'an is now a county-level city, and a constituent part of the prefecture-level city of Mudanjiang.The land area of the entire county-level city of Ning'an is {{convert|7870|km2|abbr=on}}; the reported population count, as of 2004, stood at 440,000. The government of the "county-level city" is located in the town of the same name ({{zh|labels=no |s=宁安镇 |p=Níng'ān zhèn}}).[Mudanjiang City info {{zh icon}}]
2. ^Shangjing Longquanfu, the Capital of the Bohai (Parhae) State
3. ^Manchu Veritable Record Vol.3
4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwWolFsLvKMC|pages=14, 33|title=Manchuria - Cradle of Conflict|first=Owen|last=Lattimore|publisher=Modern (2008) reprint by READ BOOKS| year= 1931 |isbn= 1-4437-2496-3}}
5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Du Halde|first= Jean-Baptiste|title= Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise|volume=Volume IV|publisher= P.G. Lemercier|location=Paris|year= 1735|url= http://web2.bium.univ-paris5.fr/livanc/?cote=00992x04&do=chapitre|page=6}}
6. ^1 {{cite book|title=Reluctant pioneers: China's expansion northward, 1644-1937|first=James |last=Reardon-Anderson|publisher= Stanford University Press|year= 2005|isbn=0-8047-5167-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CiqQIPESpR8C|page=24}}. When quoting Du Halde, Reardon-Anderson implies that the Jesuit went to the region personally in the 1730s. That wasn't actually the case, as du Halde was merely the editor of a report by the Jesuits who had travelled down the Amur in 1709, one of many reports from which his multi-volume work was compiled.
7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://iea.cass.cn/jianbao/F000252.doc |script-title=zh:吉林省历史沟沉 |trans-title=An exploration of the history of Jilin Province |publisher=Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences}} {{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. There is also same article converted to HTML by Google{{dead link|date=March 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
8. ^Lattimore (1931), p. 108
9. ^{{cite book|first=Arthur William |last=Hummel|publisher=Ch'eng Wen Publishing Co. |year=1970|title=Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing period (1644-1912)|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Hs8LhXwRqPgC|page=632}}
10. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Northern Frontiers of Qing China and Tokugawa Japan: A Comparative Study of Frontier Policy|first=Richard Louis|last=Edmonds|publisher=University of Chicago, Department of Geography; Research Paper No. 213|isbn=0-89065-118-3|year=1985|pages=113, 115–117}}
11. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.hailin.gov.cn/xcb/wu/2.htm |script-title=zh:默读宁古塔 |trans-title=Silently reading Ninguta |publisher=Hailin People's Government |language=zh-hans}}{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707033425/http://www.hailin.gov.cn/xcb/wu/2.htm |date=2011-07-07 }}
12. ^The Historical Atlas of China (ed. Tan), the Qing dynasty map showing the administrative boundaries as of 1820
13. ^du Halde (1735), p. 8
14. ^Reardon-Anderson (2005), p. 26
External links- Ning'an City Government {{zh icon}}
{{County-level divisions of Heilongjiang}}{{Heilongjiang topics}} 2 : Cities in Heilongjiang|County level divisions of Heilongjiang |