词条 | Nisshin Maru | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
The 8,145-ton vessel {{nihongo|MV Nisshin Maru|日新丸}} is the primary vessel[4] of the Japanese whaling fleet and is the world's only whaler factory ship.[5] It is also the largest member, and flagship of the five-member whaling fleet, headed by research leader Shigetoshi Nishiwaki. The ship is based in Japan in Shimonoseki harbor,[6] and is owned by Tokyo-based company Kyodo Senpaku Kaisha Ltd which is a subsidiary of the Institute of Cetacean Research.[7] HistoryThere have been several Japanese factory whaling ships named Nisshin Maru.[9] After the U.S. Navy's Pacific Fleet was attacked at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, all Japanese factory ships soon began to serve in the war effort till sunk or till the end of World War II in 1945.
General Douglas MacArthur, as military governor of Japan in 1945, encouraged the now defeated Japan to continue whaling in order to provide a cheap source of meat to its starving people, and to supply millions of dollars in oil for the United States and Europe.[13][14] The Japanese whaling industry quickly recovered as MacArthur authorized the commission of two converted T2 tankers as whaling factory ships (Hashidate Maru[15] and Nisshin Maru No. 1),[14][16][17] to once again hunt whales in the Antarctic and elsewhere.[13][14]
2007 Antarctic voyageA major fire in the ship's processing factory broke out on February 15, 2007 while in Antarctic waters. The resulting damage caused the ship to be temporarily disabled, all while continuing to carry approximately 1,000 tons of oil. This incident took place within the New Zealand Search and Rescue Region.[21] One crew member was killed in the fire.[22][23] Citing environmental concerns, specifically the disabled ship's proximity to Cape Adare, Antarctica and the world's largest Adelie penguin rookery, New Zealand Conservation Minister Chris Carter joined international citizens' groups in urgently requesting that the ship be towed away.[24] Japan's Institute of Cetacean Research (ICR), which administers the ship with the Kyodo Senpaku Kaisha, declined offers of a tow from the Greenpeace ship {{MV|Esperanza}}, which had been nearby and monitoring the situation since February 17. On February 28, the ICR released a statement on its decision to cut short its Antarctic whale hunt for 2006/07 due to unrecoverable equipment, and Nisshin Maru departed for Japan. Other incidentsNisshin Maru and Greenpeace's {{MV|Arctic Sunrise}} collided in December 1999 and in January 2006. In 2006 both ships claimed to have been rammed by the other,[25] and the ICR posted video footage to support its version of the incident.[26] Greenpeace responded that the waves emanating from Arctic Sunrise in the video support Greenpeace's contention that its vessel had its engines in reverse; Greenpeace also claimed the location of cloud formations in the background of the ICR video indicate Nisshin Maru was turning into the Greenpeace ship at the time of collision.[25]Sea Shepherd Conservation Society claimed its president Paul Watson was shot by someone aboard Nisshin Maru during a confrontation with the {{MY|Steve Irwin}} off Antarctica in 2008. He was wearing a bulletproof vest and was uninjured. An ICR spokesman acknowledged that seven flashbangs were thrown, but stated that "no gunshots of any kind" were fired.[27]In March 2011, Nisshin Maru returned early from operations in the Southern Ocean and immediately began assisting in disaster relief efforts following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, transporting food, fuel, and other supplies to areas devastated by the catastrophe.[28] In February 2013, Nisshin Maru was involved in a multiple-ship collision, colliding with the Sea Shepherd vessels Steve Irwin, {{MY|Bob Barker}}, and {{MY|Sam Simon}},[29] as well as the whaler's refueling ship, Sun Laurel.[30] Bob Barker was damaged and issued a mayday. Sun Laurel{{'}}s lifeboats were also damaged due to the collision. IMO regulationsAdditional regulations from the United Nations International Maritime Organization (IMO) took effect on August 1, 2011 prohibiting ships using heavy oil fuel below 60 degrees south to prevent pollution. The IMO Guidelines For Ships Operating In Ice-Covered Waters also establishes requirements for a double-hull strengthened against ice-related damage. {{As of|2011}} Nisshin Maru did not meet the IMO standards.[31][32][33] In popular cultureNisshin Maru is featured in the video game Ship Simulator Extremes, along with Kyo Maru # 1 and the Greenpeace vessel Esperanza with its outboard inflatable boats and RIBs. Matthew Barney filmed Drawing Restraint 9 on Nisshin Maru in 2005, as it made its annual journey to Antarctica. Nisshin Maru is the name of a whaler factory vessel that is chased by Greenpeace and a German/Chilean press officer in Luis Sepulveda's book "Mundo del fin del mundo". See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nisshin Maru – 8705292 2. ^{{cite web|title=NISSHIN MARU (fishing vessel): ship particulars and AIS position - IMO: 8705292, MMSI: 431683000, Callsign: JJCJ - FleetMon.com|url=http://www.fleetmon.com/en/vessels/Nisshin_Maru_16149 |publisher=Fleetmon.com |accessdate=February 11, 2014}} 3. ^1 2 Lloyd's Register – Fairplay. Retrieved February 20, 2007 4. ^http://www.maff.go.jp/e/quake/press_110331-8.html 5. ^{{cite news |title=New rules for safe shipping may save whales| last=Darby| first=Andrew| newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=July 18, 2009|url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/whale-watch/new-rules-for-safe-shipping-may-save-whales-20090717-do9b.html}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Protest as Japan whaling factory ship returns to port|agency=AFP|date=April 14, 2009|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hKYWJEHVeSjNxcIvaNQ-vqL-NABw}} 7. ^[https://www.classnk.or.jp/register/regships/one_dsp.aspx?imo=8705292 Nisshin Maru]. ClassNK Register of Ships. 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/minister/garrett/2008/pubs/tr20080207a.pdf|format=PDF|author=Hon. P. Garrett MP, Australian Minister for the Environment, and Hon. B. Debus MP, Australian Minister for Home Affairs|title=Whaling Announcement – Release of images from the Oceanic Viking, Interview Transcript|location=Maroubra, NSW, Australia|date=February 7, 2008}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite journal | title = Chronological Notes on the Commissioned Japanese Whaling Factory Ships | journal = Bull. Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University | date = 1980 | first = Akito | last = KAWAMURA | volume = 31 | issue = 2 | pages = 184–190| id = |url=http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/23715/1/31(2)_P184-190.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = February 11, 2014}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/Nisshin_t.htm | title = Japanese Oilers: IJN Nisshin Maru | accessdate = February 13, 2014 | last = Hackett | first = Bob |author2=Peter Cundall | date = 2009}} 11. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.armchairgeneral.com/forums/showthread.php?t=25513&page=51 | title = 3rd February in Military History | accessdate = February 13, 2014 | date = February 10, 2006 | work = Armchair General}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/Nisshin_t.htm | title = IJN Nishin Maru: Tabular Record of Movement| accessdate = February 13, 2014 | date = 2009 | work = Imperial Japanese Navy Page}} 13. ^1 {{Cite book | last = Ellis | first = Richard | publisher = The Lyons Press | title = Men and Whales | year = 1999 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kygGAAAACAAJ&dq=men+and+whales | page = 405 | isbn = 978-1-55821-696-9 | accessdate = August 16, 2013}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/climate-watch/blame-general-macarthur-for-whaling-row/2007/12/18/1197740272644.html | title = Blame General MacArthur for whaling row | first = Brendan | last = Nicholson | date = December 19, 2007 |work=The Age| location=Melbourne | accessdate =December 19, 2009}} 15. ^IJN Hashidate Maru: Tabular Record of Movement. Imperial Japanese Navy Page (2008) 16. ^1 {{cite book | last1 = Kalland | first1 = Arne | last2 = Brian | first2 = Moeran | title = Japanese Whaling?: End of an Era | volume = 6 | work = RLE: Japan Mini-Set E: Sociology & Anthropology | publisher = Taylor & Francis, 2010 | isbn = 978-0203843970}} 17. ^{{cite news | first = Siobhan | last = Downes | title = Fight to save whales relentless | date = January 11, 2014 |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/9598415/Fight-to-save-whales-relentless | work = The Dominion Post | accessdate = January 28, 2014}} 18. ^NISSHIN MARU NO.3 – 5253494 – WHALE FACTORY. Maritimr Connector. 19. ^Nisshin Maru No. 3 – decommissioned 20. ^ICR: Nisshin Maru Facts and Photographs. ICR (2007) 21. ^{{citation|url=http://www.aip.net.nz/pdf/GEN_3.6.pdf|title=Search and rescue|work=Aeronautical Information Publication New Zealand|date=July 6, 2006}} 22. ^{{cite news|title=Japanese whaling ship on fire off Antarctica|agency=Reuters|date=February 15, 2007|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKSYD30495820070215}} 23. ^{{cite news|title=Japanese whaler may move, activists fear oil spill|agency=Reuters|date=February 21, 2007|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUST15518220070221}} 24. ^{{cite news|title=New Zealand demands Japan urgently move its stricken whaler from Antarctic coast |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |date=February 23, 2007 |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/23/asia/AS-GEN-Antarctica-Crippled-Whaler.php |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314162006/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/23/asia/AS-GEN-Antarctica-Crippled-Whaler.php |archivedate=March 14, 2007 }} 25. ^1 {{cite web|title=Greenpeace ship rammed by whalers|publisher=Greenpeace|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/campaigns/oceans/whaling/antarctic-whaling/ramming|accessdate=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215164212/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/campaigns/oceans/whaling/antarctic-whaling/ramming|archive-date=December 15, 2007|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}} 26. ^{{cite video|title=VIDEO TAKEN BY ICR : ARCTIC SUNRISE RAMMING THE NISSHIN-MARU|publisher=Institute of Cetacean Research|url=http://www.icrwhale.org/eng/GPAS2.mpg|accessdate=March 3, 2010}} 27. ^{{cite news|title=Japan denies shooting anti-whaling captain|agency=AAP|date=March 8, 2008|url=http://www.news.com.au/japan-denies-shooting-anti-whaling-captain/story-e6frfkp9-1111115745322 | first1=Michelle | last1=Draper | first2=Adam | last2=Gartrell }} 28. ^{{cite news |title=Japanese whaling mothership aids in tsunami disaster relief efforts |agency=Nikkei.com |date=March 24, 2011 |url=http://e.nikkei.com/e/fr/tnks/Nni20110324D24JF873.htm }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 29. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Sea-Shepherd-claims-victory-in-Southern-Ocean-after-collisions/tabid/417/articleID/287594/Default.aspx |work=3 News NZ | first=Kim| last=Choe | title=Sea Shepherd claims victory over whalers| date=February 21, 2013}} 30. ^{{cite web|title=Whalers' 'ramming' damages Sea Shepherd ship|publisher=The Age|url=http://www.theage.com.au/environment/whale-watch/whalers-ramming-damages-sea-shepherd-ship-20130220-2eqyg.html|accessdate=February 19, 2013}} 31. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/whale-watch/new-rules-for-safe-shipping-may-save-whales-20090717-do9b.html|title=New rules for safe shipping may save whales|last=Darby|first=Andrew|date=July 18, 2009|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald}} 32. ^{{cite press release|publisher=International Maritime Organization (IMO)|date=July 29, 2011|title=Antarctic fuel oil ban and North American ECA MARPOL amendments enter into force on 1 August 2011|url=http://www.imo.org/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/44-MARPOL-amends.aspx}} 33. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/2008-04-10-imo-backing-antarctic-ship-review|title=IMO Backing Antarctic Ship Review|date=March 9, 2011|publisher=The Maritime Executive|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407064636/http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/2008-04-10-imo-backing-antarctic-ship-review|archivedate=April 7, 2012|df=mdy-all}} External links
7 : Maritime incidents in 2007|Whaling ships|Fishing vessels of Japan|Research vessels of Japan|Whaling in Japan|Ships built by Hitachi Zosen Corporation|1987 ships |
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