“Nitrophenol”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Nitrophenol

释义

Mono-nitrophenols
Di- and trinitrophenols
Safety
References
External links

Nitrophenols are compounds of the formula HOC₆H_5-x(NO₂)_x. The conjugate bases are called nitrophenolates. Nitrophenols are more acidic than phenol itself.^[1]

Mono-nitrophenols

with the formula HOC₆H₄NO₂. Three isomeric nitrophenols exist:

o-Nitrophenol (2-nitrophenol; OH and NO₂ groups are neighboring; CAS number: 88-75-5), a yellow crystalline solid (m.p. 46 °C).
m-Nitrophenol (3-nitrophenol, CAS number: 554-84-7), a yellow solid (m.p. 97 °C) and precursor to the drug mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid).
p-Nitrophenol (4-nitrophenol, CAS number: 100-02-7), yellow crystals (m.p. 114 °C). It is a precursor to the rice herbicide fluorodifen and the pesticide parathion.

The mononitrated phenols are often hydrogenated to the corresponding aminophenols that are also useful industrially.^[1]

Di- and trinitrophenols

2,4-Dinitrophenol (m.p. 83 °C) is a moderately strong acid (pK_a = 4.89). 2,4,6-trinitrophenol is better known as picric acid, which has a well-developed chemistry.

Safety

Nitrophenols are poisonous.^[2]^[3] Occasionally, nitrophenols contaminate the soil near former explosives or fabric factories and military plants, and current research is aimed at remediation.

References

1. ^¹{{cite journal|author=Gerald Booth|title=Nitro Compounds, Aromatic|encyclopedia=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|year=2007|publisher=Wiley-VCH|location=Weinheim|doi=10.1002/14356007.a17_411}}
2. ^Nitrophenol
3. ^Dinitrophenol

External links

Fact sheet at atsdr.cdc.gov

3 : Nitrobenzenes|Phenols|Nitrophenols

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