| 词条 | No. 19 Squadron RAF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|unit_name= No. XIX Squadron RAF |image= XIX Squadron RAF (19th Squad Royal Air Force).png |image_size= 150px |caption= No. XIX Squadron badge |dates= 1 September 1915 – 1 April 1918 (RFC) 1 April 1918 – 31 December 1919 (RAF) 1 April 1923 – 31 December 1976 1 January 1977 – 9 January 1992 23 September 1992 – 24 November 2011 |country= {{flagicon|UK}} United Kingdom |allegiance= |branch= Royal Air Force |type= |size= |current_commander= |garrison_label= Base |ceremonial_chief= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |nickname= |patron= |motto=Latin:Possunt quia posse videntur (Translation: "They can because they think they can")[1] |colors= |colors_label= |march= |mascot= |equipment_label= Aircraft |battles= |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours=
|commander1= |commander1_label= |commander2= |commander2_label= |commander3= |commander3_label= |notable_commanders= |identification_symbol= Between wings elevated and conjoined in base, a dolphin, head downwards.[1][3] |identification_symbol_label= Squadron Badge heraldry |identification_symbol_2= |identification_symbol_2_label= Squadron Roundel |identification_symbol_3= WZ (Oct 1938 – Sep 1939)[4][5] QV (Sep 1939 – Sep 1945)[6][7] A (1989 – 1991)[8] |identification_symbol_3_label= Squadron Codes }} Number 19 Squadron (sometimes written as No. XIX Squadron) was a flying squadron of the Royal Air Force. HistoryFirst World WarNo. 19 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps was founded on 1 September 1915[9] training on a variety of aircraft before being deployed to France in July 1916 flying Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.12 and re-equipping with the more suitable French-built SPAD S.VIIs. From November 1917, the squadron started to receive Sopwith Dolphins to replace its Spads, it being fully equipped with the Dolphin during January 1918, flying its first operational patrol with the new fighter on 3 February.[10] In 1918, the squadron was re-equipped with Sopwith Dolphins, flying escort duties. By the end of the war, 19 Squadron had had a score of flying aces among its ranks, including Albert Desbrisay Carter, John Leacroft, Arthur Bradfield Fairclough, Oliver Bryson, Gordon Budd Irving, Frederick Sowrey, future Air Commodore Patrick Huskinson, Cecil Gardner, Roger Amedee Del'Haye, future Air Chief Marshal James Hardman, Finlay McQuistan, Alexander Pentland, John Candy, Cecil Thompson, John Aldridge,[11] and Wilfred Ernest Young.[12] Commanding officers during this time included H.D. Harvey-Kelly who was the first RFC pilot to land in France in the First World War. At least one of 19 Sqn. fliers, a Canadian, George Robert Long, was captured on 6 October 1917 in the Lille area and spent the rest of the war in a number of POW camps, including Holzminden POW camp. It was his very first flight, in a Spad VII, B3508. He was shot down by Gefr. J. Funk, flying with Ja30. He had first been a member of the C.E.F. in the infantry and was wounded a number of times. He wasn't repatriated until 14 December 1918, to return home to Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.{{cn|date=April 2018}} Between the World WarsThe Squadron was disbanded after the First World War on 31 December 1919,[13] to be reformed again at RAF Duxford on 1 April 1923.[13] They then flew a number of different fighters, and were the first squadron to be equipped with the Gloster Gauntlet in May 1935, and with the Supermarine Spitfire on 4 August 1938.[14] World War IIThe Squadron was stationed in the UK after the outbreak of the Second World War, and was part of No. 12 Group, RAF Fighter Command, during the Battle of Britain.[15] 19 Squadron formed part of the Duxford Wing, 12 Group's 'Big Wing' formation. Later versions of Spitfires were flown until the arrival of North American Mustang Mk.IIIs for close-support duties in early 1944.[16] After D-Day, No. 19 Squadron briefly went across the English Channel before starting long-range escort duties from RAF Peterhead, Scotland, for Coastal Command off the coast of Norway.[17] The Squadron converted to the Mustang Mk.IV in April 1945 while based at RAF Peterhead.[18] Post World War IIRelocating south to RAF Acklington on 13 May 1945, No. XIX (Fighter) Squadron exchanged their Mustangs for Spitfire Mk.XVIs.[18][19] While at RAF Wittering in October 1946, No. 19 (F) Squadron converted to the de Havilland Hornet Mk.I which were operated until January 1951 when the Squadron received their first jet aircraft – the Gloster Meteor F.4.[20] These were soon exchanged for the Meteor F.8 in April 1951 which were flown until October 1956 when No. 19 (F) Squadron received the Hawker Hunter F.6.[21] The Squadron moved to RAF Leconfield, Yorkshire in 1959 where they converted to the English Electric Lightning F.2 in November 1962.[20] The Squadron and her sister unit, No. 92 (F) Squadron, were deployed forwards in September 1965 to RAF Gütersloh, close to the inner German border, as part of Second Allied Tactical Air Force (2ATAF).[21] Subsequently, the squadron re-equipped with the longer range Lightning F.2A version. On 31 December 1976, No. 19 (F) Squadron disbanded with the Lightning, followed by No. 92 (F) Squadron in March 1977, and reformed the next day at RAF Wildenrath,[16] further back west of the Rhine, with the McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR.2 still in the air defence role. On 17 August 1990, No. XIX (F) Squadron, along with No. 92 (F) Squadron, were sent to RAF Akrotiri, Cyprus, in order to provide air defence for the island after Tornado F.3s from No. V (AC) Squadron and No. 29 (F) Squadron deployed from Akrotiri to Dhahran Airfield due to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (ahead of Operation Granby).[22] No. 19 (F) Squadron operated their Phantoms from here until 28 February 1991 when a ceasefire was called between the coalition forces and Iraq.[21] On 9 January 1992, the squadron disbanded as part of agreed post-Cold War force reductions and their aircraft were scrapped.[20][23] The numberplate was then assigned to the former No. 63 Squadron, one of the Hawk squadrons at RAF Chivenor, in September 1992 becoming No. 92 (Reserve) Squadron. The squadron was a 'Shadow' identity of No. 2 Tactical Weapons Unit (2 TWU). Following the closure of Chivenor to jet flying the squadron was moved to RAF Valley in September 1994 to provide advanced fast jet training on the BAE Hawk. In May 2008, Hawk T.1 XX184 was re-painted in a special Spitfire camouflage livery at RAF Valley. This was done to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the squadron as the first operational fighter squadron to fly the Supermarine Spitfire from Duxford in 1938. DisbandmentAs a consequence of the UK's Strategic Defence and Security Review in 2010, the Air Force Board decided in 2011 that 19 Squadron's training role with the Hawk T2 at RAF Valley should be transferred to a resurrected No. 4 (R) Squadron. No. (R) 19 Squadron, one of the last surviving Battle of Britain Squadrons, disbanded on 24 November 2011, 96 years after it was first formed.[24] The disbandment event, held at RAF Valley, was led by the Wg Cdr Kevin Marsh, the last Commanding Officer of 19 Squadron. In attendance were the Chief of Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Dalton KCB ADC BSc FRAeS CCMI RAF, former Air Chief Marshal Sir William Wratten, GBE, CB, AFC and Flt Lt Ken Wilkinson AE who flew Spitfires in the Battle of Britain on 19 Squadron. Aircraft operated
See also
References
1. ^1 Palmer 1991, p. 3. 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rafweb.org/Squadrons/Sqn016-20.htm |title=No. 16–20 Squadron Histories |first=M. B. |last=Barrass |work=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation |year=2015 |accessdate=19 October 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/19squadron.cfm |title=19 Squadron |work=Royal Air Force |year=2015 |accessdate=19 October 2015}} 4. ^Bowyer and Rawlings 1979, p. 11. 5. ^Flintham and Thomas 2003, p. 52. 6. ^Bowyer and Rawlings 1979, p. 87. 7. ^Flintham and Thomas 2003, p. 99. 8. ^Flintham and Thomas 2003, p. 229. 9. ^Halley 1988, p. 55. 10. ^Chorlton Aeroplane Autumn 2014, p. 58. 11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/gbritain/rfc/19.php |title=19 Squadron |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |accessdate=19 October 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/england/young2.php |title=Wilfred Ernest Young |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |accessdate=19 October 2015}} 13. ^1 Rawlings 1978, p. 47. 14. ^Rawlings 1978, p. 48. 15. ^Rawlings 1978, p. 525. 16. ^1 Halley 1988, p. 56. 17. ^Rawlings 1978, p. 49. 18. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.historyofwar.org/air/units/RAF/19_wwII.html |title=No. 19 Squadron (RAF): Second World War |website=History of War |accessdate=28 March 2019}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rafweb.org/Squadrons/Sqn%20Markings/SqnMark019B.htm |title=No 19 Squadron Aircraft & Markings 1931 - 1946 |website=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation |accessdate=28 March 2019}} 20. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.rafweb.org/Squadrons/Sqn016-20.htm#19 |title=No 19 Squadron |website=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation |accessdate=28 March 2019}} 21. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org/research/squadrons/19/ |title=No.19 Squadron |website=Royal Air Force Museum |accessdate=28 March 2019}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rafakrotiri.co.uk/history.html |title=THE HISTORY OF RAF AKROTIRI 1955 - 2005 |website=RAF Akrotiri |accessdate=28 March 2019}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/19squadron.cfm |title=19 Squadron |publisher=Royal Air Force |accessdate=28 March 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425173208/http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/19squadron.cfm |archivedate=25 April 2017}} 24. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafvalley/news/index.cfm?storyid=61F3AE49-5056-A318-A888D6944C33C8E4 |title=IV Squadron Reborn |work=Royal Air Force |date=24 November 2011 |accessdate=19 October 2015}} 25. ^Jefford 2001, pp. 33-34. 26. ^Palmer 1991, pp. 353-374.
External links{{Commons category}}
8 : Royal Flying Corps squadrons|Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons|Military units and formations established in 1915|Military units and formations of the Royal Air Force in World War I|Military units and formations of the Royal Air Force in World War II|RAF squadrons involved in the Battle of Britain|1915 establishments in the United Kingdom|Military units and formations disestablished in 2011 |
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