| 词条 | No. 242 Squadron RAF | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|unit_name= No. 242 Squadron RAF |image= |caption= |dates= 15 Aug 1918 – 15 May 1919 30 Oct 1939 – 10 Mar 1942 10 Apr 1942 – 4 Nov 1944 15 Nov 1944 – 1 May 1950 1 Oct 1959 – 30 Sep 1964 |country= {{flagicon|UK}} United Kingdom |allegiance= |branch= Royal Air Force |type= |role= |size= |command_structure= |current_commander= |garrison= |garrison_label= |ceremonial_chief= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |nickname= "All Canadian"{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} |patron= |motto={{lang-fr|Toujours prêt}} ("Always ready")[1] |colors= |colors_label= |march= |mascot= |equipment= |equipment_label= |battles= Battle of Britain, Invasion of Sicily, Berlin Airlift |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours= |commander1= |commander1_label= |commander2= |commander2_label= |commander3= |commander3_label= |notable_commanders= Douglas Bader |identification_symbol= A moose's head erased At the time that the badge was awarded, many of the air crew serving with the squadron were Canadian.[2] |identification_symbol_label= Squadron Badge heraldry |identification_symbol_2= LE (Feb 1940 – Dec 1941, Apr 1942 – Nov 1944) KY (Nov 1944 – 1948) |identification_symbol_2_label= Squadron Codes }} No. 242 Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force (RAF) squadron. It flew in many roles during the First World War, Second World War and Cold War. During the Second World War, the squadron was notable for (firstly) having a large number of pilots who were either RCAF personnel or Canadians serving in the RAF – to the extent that it was sometimes known, unofficially, as "242 Canadian Squadron", and (secondly) for being as the first squadron to be commanded by Douglas Bader. HistoryIn World War INo. 242 Squadron was formed on 15 August 1918[3] from the numbers 408, 409 and 514 Seaplane Flights at Newhaven Seaplane Base, and continued using the Short 184 from there and the nearby airfield at Telscombe Cliffs on anti-submarine patrols over the English Channel until the end of the First World War.[4] In World War IIThe squadron was reformed at RAF Church Fenton on 30 October 1939[5] with Canadian personnel. At first using the Bristol Blenheim and Fairey Battle, it converted to the Hawker Hurricane in February 1940.[3] Battle for FranceIn May 1940 the squadron moved to RAF Biggin Hill and went into action over France.[6] Douglas Bader was posted to command the Squadron, as a Squadron Leader, at the end of June 1940, when the unit was mainly made up of Canadian pilots that had suffered high losses in the Battle of France and had low morale. Despite initial resistance to their new commanding officer, the pilots were soon won over by Bader's strong personality and perseverance, especially in cutting through red tape to make the squadron operational again. Upon the formation of No. 12 Group RAF, No. 242 Squadron was assigned to the Group while based at RAF Duxford. Battle of BritainIn June 1940 it moved to RAF Coltishall in eastern England, as part of No. 12 Group RAF and was involved in the Battle of Britain. During this period 242 Squadron moved to RAF Duxford as part of the Duxford Wing, 12 Group's Big Wing formation. In 1941 it started offensive sweeps and bomber escorts and convoy patrols. Dispersed at JavaIn December 1941 the squadron moved to the far East arriving at RAF Seletar on 13 January 1942. The situation was desperate and it had to move to Palembang on Sumatra where the squadron collapsed through lack of spares and was dispersed by 10 March 1942.[3][4] On 29 December 1941 Pilot Officer M C Blanchard (RCAF) was reported missing believed killed after a mid air collision off the coast of Ghar Hassan, Malta, during an operational flight. The collision was between Hurricane BE343 (Blanchard) and Hurricane BE344 (Flight Lieutenant Andrews (RCAF) who was later found safe). Reformed on SpitfiresOn 10 April 1942 the squadron re-formed at RAF Turnhouse, Scotland with the Supermarine Spitfire and was involved in coastal patrols. In October it was deployed to North Africa defending Algiers. It fought into Tunisia then moved on to Malta and was involved in the invasion of Sicily and the Salerno beach-head operations. In 1944 it was moved to Syria for a rest period before moving to Corsica where it was part of the invasion of southern France and attacks on northern Italy. The squadron was disbanded in Italy on 4 November 1944.[3][4] In Transport CommandThe squadron reformed again on 15 November 1944 at RAF Stoney Cross as a transport squadron, training on the Vickers Wellington then getting operational on the Short Stirling. By 1946 it had become an operator of the Avro York running scheduled freight services into India and to the Azores; in June 1946 it was located at RAF Oakington as part of No. 47 Group.[7] In 1948 it became involved in the Berlin Air Lift operating from Wunstorf. After the air lift it returned to England and reequipped with Handley Page Hastings. The squadron was disbanded at RAF Lyneham on 1 May 1950.[3][4] On missilesOn 1 October 1959 it was reformed at RAF Marham as a surface-to-air missile unit with the Bristol Bloodhound. It was tasked to protect the V bomber bases until disbanded on 30 September 1964.[3][4] Aircraft operated
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite book|last1=Pine|first1=L.G.|title=A dictionary of mottoes|date=1983|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|location=London|isbn=0-7100-9339-X|page=235|edition=1}} 2. ^http://www.raf.mod.uk/Bob1940/238to248.html {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306125005/http://www.raf.mod.uk/Bob1940/238to248.html |date=6 March 2009 }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Jefford 2001, p. 79. 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 Halley 1988, p. 311. 5. ^Halliday 1981, p. 13. 6. ^Halliday 1981, pp. 33–45. 7. ^1946 Confidential Air Force List via rafcommands.com Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links{{commons category|No. 242 Squadron RAF}}
5 : Military units and formations established in 1918|Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons|1918 establishments in the United Kingdom|Military units and formations in Mandatory Palestine in World War II|Military units and formations disestablished in 1964 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。