“Nokdim”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Nokdim {{lang-he-n|נוֹקְדִים}}, lit. Shepherds) is an Israeli settlement organized as a community settlement in the West Bank. Located south of Bethlehem in the northern Judean Mountains, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gush Etzion Regional Council. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Noqedim}}.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.^[1]

A mixed community of religious and secular Jews, both native Israelis and immigrants, Nokdim is home to the religious pre-army Mechina Magen Shaul, established in 1996.^[2]

History

Nokdim was founded on 5 July 1982 by residents of Tekoa. The settlement was originally named El-David in memory of two residents of Tekoa - Eli Pressman, a new immigrant from France who was killed in the 1982 Lebanon War, and David Rosenfeld, manager of the tourist site at Herodium who was murdered in July 1982 by two of his Palestinian employees. The name was rejected by the Government Naming Committee who suggested the name Nokdim, which was accepted by the settlers.^[3]

The name is taken from the Bible ({{Bibleverse||Amos|1:1|ESV}}) because of nearby settlement of Tekoa: "...Amos, who was among the shepherds of Tekoa".^[4]

Land dispute

A 2006 Peace Now-report said that up to 30 percent of the land Nokdim is built on is privately owned, all or most of it by Palestinians. According to Israeli law, settlements on privately owned Palestinian land are illegal.^[5] However, in the data provided by the Civil Administration, "there is no mention of whether the private land is owned by Palestinians or by Jews... Nevertheless, it is highly probable that most of the land that is marked here as private land (if not all of it) is privately owned Palestinian land."^[6]

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

In September 2001, Sarit Amrani (26) of Nokdim was murdered in Tekoa when terrorists opened fire on her family's car. Her husband Shai was seriously injured, while their three children, Zohar (4), Ziv (2) and Raz (3 months), who were in the car at the time of the shooting survived physically unharmed.^[7]

In February 2002, Aharon Gorov (46) and Avraham Fish (65) were murdered in a shooting attack between Nokdim and Tekoa. Fish's daughter Tamar Lipschitz, who was nine months pregnant, was shot in the stomach. After being rushed to the hospital, she delivered a daughter through Caesarean section. Fish's granddaughter, Karine (4), suffered from shock. Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.^[8]^[9]

Notable residents

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |accessdate=27 November 2010 }}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.jafi.org/NR/exeres/5545EB1C-D2EA-4141-AC2E-E213521F1481| title=Mechinot| author= |date= |work= | publisher=Jewish Agency|accessdate=31 March 2011}}
3. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=CG_R01oa780C&pg=PA77&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false| title=Settling in the hearts. Jewish fundamentalism in the occupied territories| author=Michael Feige| publisher=Wayne State University Press | isbn= 978-0-8143-2750-0| page=77| year=2009| accessdate=1 April 2011 }}
4. ^{{cite book| url=| title= (1948–1998) Hamishim shenot hityashvut. Atlas shemot ha-yishuvim veha-mekomot be-Yisrael (1948-1998: Fifty Years of 'Hityashvut': Atlas of Names of Settlements and Places in Israel)| author=Hanna Bitan | publisher=Government of Israel, Karta, Jerusalem |isbn=965-220-423-4 | page=46| year=2000| accessdate=| language=hebrew }}
5. ^{{cite web| url= http://peacenow.org.il/eng/sites/default/files/Breaking_The_Law_formal%20data_March07Eng.pdf#page=11|title=G U I L T Y! Construction of Settlements upon Private Land – Official Data| author=| publisher=Peace Now| year=2006| accessdate=1 April 2011 }}
{{cite web| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6168752.stm| title=Settlements ‘violate Israeli law’| author=| publisher= BBC| date=21 November 2006| accessdate=1 April 2011}}
{{cite web| url=https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,,1953702,00.html| title=39% of Israeli settlements ‘on private land’| author=Rory McCarthy| publisher= The Guardian| date=22 November 2006| accessdate=1 April 2011}}
{{cite web| url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/peace-now-40-percent-of-settlements-land-is-owned-by-private-palestinians-1.202005 | title=Peace Now: 40 percent of settlements' land is owned by private Palestinians| author=Nadav Shragai| publisher= Ha'aretz | date=22 November 2006| accessdate=1 April 2011}}
{{cite web| url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/790934.html| title=A settlements mafia| author=Dror Etkes| publisher=Ha'aretz| date=22 November 2006 | accessdate=1 April 2011 }}
{{cite web| url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/790916.html| title=Blow to settlement movement| author=Nadav Shragai| publisher=Ha'aretz | date=23 November 2006 | accessdate=1 April 2011 }}
6. ^In the data provided by the Civil Administration “there is no mention of whether the private land is owned by Palestinians or by Jews... Nevertheless, it is highly probable that most of the land that is marked here as private land (if not all of it) is privately owned Palestinian land”.{{cite web| url= http://peacenow.org.il/eng/content/settlement-are-built-private-palestinian-land|title=Settlement are built on Private Palestinian Land| author=| publisher=Peace Now| date=14 March 2007| accessdate=29 March 2011 }}
7. ^Sarit Amrani
8. ^Avraham Fish
9. ^Aharon Gorov