| 词条 | Normanby River |
| 释义 |
| name = Normanby | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = East Normanby, West Normanby, East Normanby North Branch, East Normanby South Branch, Granite Normanby | name_etymology = {{nowrap|In honour of George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby[1]}} | image = Normanby-river.JPG | image_size = 280 | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Australia Queensland | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Location of Normanby River river mouth in Queensland | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Australia | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Queensland | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = Far North Queensland, Cape York Peninsula, Wet Tropics of Queensland | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|350|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Princess Charlotte Bay | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|390|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = | source1 = Great Dividing Range | source1_location = west of {{QLDcity|Wajul Wajul}} | source1_coordinates= {{coord|15|55|S|145|12|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | source_confluence = East and West Normanby Rivers | source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|15|39|39|S|144|56|17|E|display=inline}} | source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|125|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = Princess Charlotte Bay | mouth_location = Lakefield National Park | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|14|23|47|S|144|08|37|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|24408|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Banana Creek (Queensland), Beardmore Creek, Cabbage Tree (Welcome) Creek, Laura River, Kennedy River | tributaries_right = Nigger Creek (Queensland), Surrender Creek, Trapp Creek, Bridge Creek (Queensland), Jack River (Queensland), House Creek (Queensland) | custom_label = National park | custom_data = Lakefield National Park | extra = [1][2][3][4][5][6] }} The Normanby River, comprising the East Normanby River, the West Normanby River, the East Normanby River North Branch, the East Normanby River South Branch and the Granite Normanby River, is a river system located in Far North Queensland, Australia. Location and featuresWith its headwaters in the Great Dividing Range west of {{QLDcity|Wajul Wajul}} in the Wet Tropics of Queensland, the Normanby River is formed by the confluence of the East and West Branches of the river at an elevation of {{convert|125|m}} {{AHD}}. The river flows generally north-northwestw through seasonally flooded savanna grassland to reach its mouth in Princess Charlotte Bay about {{convert|150|km}} northwest of {{QLDcity|Cooktown}}. The river is joined by 18 tributaries including the Laura River. The river flows through the Lakefield National Park, which covers as much as a fifth of the river's basin and is completely impassable during the wet season between November and May. The Lakefield National Park consists of large wetlands which possess a high diversity of fish species. Near its mouth, the Normanby River flows very slowly and forms a large delta, which is almost inaccessible even during the dry season as there are no roads – even unsealed ones. This land, though, is still dry enough during the dry season that tropical rainforests cannot grow.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} The combined river system descends from a peak elevation of {{convert|622|m}} {{AHD}} to sea level, with a combined course from source to mouth of over {{convert|490|km}}.[1][2][3][4][5][6] While one source considers the Normanby River system as the third largest river in Australia,[7] the Australian Government agency, Geoscience Australia, does not assess the Normanby River system within the ten longest rivers in Australia nor within the three longest continuous river systems in the country.[8] The river may be the largest river flowing into the Coral Sea.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} The Normanby River system has less than half the flow of the Murray and Mitchell Rivers - though data regarding its flow are sparse with less than a third of the {{convert|24408|km2|adj=on}} catchment area gauged. Together with the Laura River, the Normanby River system is the fourth largest river system in the Great Barrier Reef catchment, with the third largest mean annual discharge into the Reef.[9] Consequently almost all scientific research into the flow and hydrology of the Normanby basin has been done with the health of the reef rather than the river per se in mind. The fact that the Normanby is completely free of dams means that Australian Government studies have used it as a model for the behaviour of rivers further south when they were in something closer to a virgin state.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} The Normanby basin is almost entirely used for the grazing of beef cattle on large stations - mostly worked by Aborigines. The density of cattle is very low, as are rents. The soils, being mostly ancient lateritic Orthents, are totally unsuitable for the growing sugar cane, which is the principal crop in tropical Australia. EtymologyThe river was named by William Hann in September 1872 in honour of George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby, who served as the third Governor of Queensland between 1871 and 1874.[10][11] See also{{stack|{{Portal|Queensland|Water|Environment}}}}
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=211609&cmd=sp |title=Map of Normanby River, QLD|accessdate=31 October 2015|work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia }} {{Rivers of Queensland}}2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=204850&cmd=sp |title=Map of East Normanby River, QLD|accessdate=31 October 2015|work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia }} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=197066&cmd=sp |title=Map of East Normanby River North Branch, QLD|accessdate=31 October 2015|work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia }} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=197548&cmd=sp |title=Map of East Normanby River South Branch, QLD|accessdate=31 October 2015|work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia }} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=208866&cmd=sp |title=Map of West Normanby River, QLD|accessdate=31 October 2015|work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia }} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=205083&cmd=sp |title=Map of Granite Normanby River, QLD|accessdate=31 October 2015|work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia }} 7. ^{{cite book |author=Brown, John Alexander Henstridge |title=Australia’s Surface Water Resources |year=1983 |publisher=Australian Government Publication Service |location=Canberra |page= }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/education/geoscience-basics/landforms/longest-rivers.html|title=Longest rivers|work=Geoscience Australia|publisher=Australian Government|date=21 December 2012|accessdate=15 June 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.capeyorkwaterquality.info/sites/default/files/downloads/cywq-cairns_2013-05_howley.pdf |title=Normanby River Water Quality: 2006-2013 Monitoring Results |author=Howley, Christina |work=Cape York Water Quality |date=2013 |accessdate=31 October 2015 |page=2}} 10. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/place-names/search#/search=normanby%20river&types=0&place=Normanby_River24558 |title=Normanby River |work=Queensland place names search |publisher=Queensland Government |date= |accessdate=31 October 2015 }} 11. ^{{cite book |author=Jack, R. L. |authorlink=Robert Logan Jack |title=Northmost Australia |publisher=George Robertson and Co |location=Melbourne |year=1922 |volume=2 |page=410 }} 3 : Rivers of Far North Queensland|Rivers of Queensland|Bodies of water of the Coral Sea |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。