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词条 Norman Wells
释义

  1. Demographics

  2. First Nations

  3. Transportation

  4. Services

  5. Education

  6. Climate

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

{{use Canadian English|date=March 2019}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Norman Wells
| native_name = Tłegǫ́hłı̨
| other_name = The Wells
| settlement_type = Town
| motto = Where Adventures Begin
|image_skyline = Norman Wells from the air.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Norman Wells from the air
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| pushpin_map = Canada Northwest Territories#Canada
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Canada
| subdivision_type1 = Territory
| subdivision_name1 = Northwest Territories
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = Sahtu Region
| subdivision_type3 = Constituency
| subdivision_name3 = Sahtu
| subdivision_type4 = Census division
| subdivision_name4 = Region 2
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Nathan Watson[1]
| leader_title1 = Municipal Administrator
| leader_name1 =Allen Stanzell
| leader_title2 = MLA
| leader_name2 = Daniel McNeely
| established_title = Incorporated (town)
| established_date = 12 April 1992
| area_footnotes = [2]
| area_land_km2 = 82.86
| elevation_m = 73
| coordinates = {{coord|65|16|52|N|126|49|53|W|type:city_scale:30000_region:CA-NT|display=inline,title}}
| population_total = 778
| population_density_km2 = 9.4
| population_as_of =2016
| population_footnotes =[2]
| timezone = MST
| utc_offset = −07:00
| timezone_DST = MDT
| utc_offset_DST = −06:00
| postal_code_type = Canadian Postal code
| postal_code = X0E 0V0
| area_code = 867
| blank_name = Telephone exchange
| blank_info = 587
| blank2_name = Prices
| blank3_name = - Living cost
| blank3_info = 162.5{{Ref|A|A}}
| blank4_name = - Food price index
| blank4_info = 170.6{{Ref|B|B}}
| website = www.normanwells.com
| footnotes = Sources:
Department of Municipal and Community Affairs,[2]
Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre,[3]
Canada Flight Supplement[4]
{{note|A|A}}2013 figure based on Edmonton = 100[7]
{{note|B|B}}2015 figure based on Yellowknife = 100[7]
}}Norman Wells (Slavey language: Tłegǫ́hłı̨{{Pronunciation-needed}} "where there is oil") is the regional centre for the Sahtu Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The town is situated on the north side of the Mackenzie River and provides a view down the valley of the Franklin and Richardson mountains.[5]

Demographics

{{Historical populations
|align=none|cols=2
|1996|840
|1997|808
|1998|826
|1999|747
|2000|755
|2001|762
|2002|744
|2003|798
|2004|837
|2005|826
|2006|802
|2007|821
|2008|782
|2009|779
|2010|763
|2011|772
|2012|763
|2013|789
|2014|777
|2015|805
|2016|816
|2017|809
|footnote= Sources: NWT Bureau of Statistics (2001 - 2017)[6]
}}

According to the 2016 Census, the town has 778 people, a 7% increase from the last census.[7]

A total of 315 people identified as Indigenous, and of these, 195 were First Nations, 80 were Métis, 15 were Inuit and 20 gave multiple Indigenous responses. The main languages in the town are North Slavey and English.

Of the population, 78.1% is 15 and older, with the median age being 32.8, slightly less than the NWT averages of 79.3% and 34.0.[7]

In 2012 the Government of the Northwest Territories reported that the population was 809 with an average yearly growth rate of -0.1 from 2001.[8]

Oil was first seen by Alexander MacKenzie during his exploration of the river in 1789 but it was not until 1911 that an oil bearing formation was discovered. Imperial Oil, a major employer in the town, was established in the area in 1937 with a refinery built in 1939.[5]

During the Second World War, Norman Wells was deemed important as a source of oil for military operations in Alaska and Yukon. The Canol Road and Canol pipeline project was undertaken to enable the piping of oil to Whitehorse, with the flow starting in 1944. Although Norman Wells crude was light and easily flowed at temperatures as low as {{convert|-62|C|0}}, the line did not work well and was shut down shortly after the war ended. The road, which began at Canol Camp across the river, was abandoned.[5] The Canol Heritage Trail is what remains of the road in the NWT.

The Norman Wells Proven Area Agreement of 1944 is a partnership between Imperial Oil and the federal government (administered by the Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada) that has lasted to this day.{{when|date=January 2019}} The completion of an oil pipeline from Norman Wells to Zama City in 1985 connected to the North American pipeline grid and resulted in increased activity.[9]

First Nations

The Norman Wells Metis, a Métis group which is signatory to the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement, are currently negotiating self-government powers and recently signed a framework agreement towards a new treaty.

Transportation

Norman Wells is accessible by navigating the Mackenzie River, in summer, or by driving over the winter ice road, December to March, that connects with Wrigley and Fort Simpson.[5] The most common method of travel into Norman Wells is by air via the Norman Wells Airport and the town is connected with both Yellowknife and Inuvik.[5] Scheduled flights are provided by Canadian North and North-Wright Airways. Beginning in June 2010, First Air offered a scheduled service into the community. In the summer floatplane access to the town is possible at the Norman Wells Water Aerodrome. During the summer months there are barge services, sealifts to the town by Northern Transportation Company Limited from Hay River and Cooper Barging Services from Fort Simpson.[5] Other aviation companies that have a presence in the community include Canadian Helicopters and Discovery Air.[10]

Services

Services include a three-member Royal Canadian Mounted Police detachment and a community health centre with two nurses with dental visits two or three times a year. There is a branch of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce and two grocery stores including the Northern and Rampart Rentals along with three hotels and two restaurants. Norman Wells also has a liquor store and currently has the only one in the Sahtu Region. Phone service is provided by Northwestel with cable television and Internet access available.[11] Mobile phone services are available through Bell Mobility or Northwestel's Latitude Wireless service, which is now owned by Bell.[12][13] Former member of parliament for the Western Arctic, Ethel Blondin-Andrew, has a consulting service, Mountain Dene Ventures, in the town.[14]

Education

The community is part of the Sahtu Divisional Education Council and they operate, through the Norman Wells District Education Authority, the "Mackenzie Mountain School".[15][16] The school, which has an enrollment of 150, provides education from Junior Kindergarten to Grade 12.[17][18] Aurora College has a presence in the community with a community learning centre and a career centre.[12][13]

Climate

Norman Wells has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with summer lasting for about three months. Although winter temperatures are usually below freezing, every month of the year has seen temperatures above {{Convert|0|C|0}}. Rainfall averages {{convert|171.7|mm|2|abbr=on}} and snowfall {{convert|161.5|cm|2|abbr=on}}. On average, there are 92.9 days, October to April, when the wind chill is below -30, which indicates that frostbite may occur within 10 – 30 minutes. There is an average of 35.9 days, November to April, when the wind chill is below -40, which indicates that frostbite may occur within 5 – 10 minutes.[19][32]

{{Weather box
|metric first= Y
|single line = Y
|location= Norman Wells Airport
|Jan maximum humidex= 11.8
|Feb maximum humidex= 6.3
|Mar maximum humidex= 9.4
|Apr maximum humidex= 20.0
|May maximum humidex= 29.1
|Jun maximum humidex= 36.2
|Jul maximum humidex= 37.2
|Aug maximum humidex= 36.0
|Sep maximum humidex= 27.2
|Oct maximum humidex= 19.8
|Nov maximum humidex= 12.2
|Dec maximum humidex= 4.8
|year maximum humidex= 37.2
|Jan record high C= 12.4
|Feb record high C= 7.9
|Mar record high C= 11.1
|Apr record high C= 20.0
|May record high C= 31.3
|Jun record high C= 33.5
|Jul record high C= 35.0
|Aug record high C= 32.4
|Sep record high C= 27.1
|Oct record high C= 21.0
|Nov record high C= 13.3
|Dec record high C= 5.7
|year record high C= 35.0
|Jan high C= -22.2
|Feb high C= -19.5
|Mar high C= -12.5
|Apr high C= 1.0
|May high C= 12.1
|Jun high C= 20.7
|Jul high C= 22.5
|Aug high C= 19.0
|Sep high C= 11.0
|Oct high C= -1.6
|Nov high C= -15.2
|Dec high C= -19.6
|year high C= -0.4
|Jan mean C= -26.1
|Feb mean C= -24.0
|Mar mean C= -18.4
|Apr mean C= -5.1
|May mean C= 6.4
|Jun mean C= 15.0
|Jul mean C= 17.1
|Aug mean C= 13.8
|Sep mean C= 6.6
|Oct mean C= -4.7
|Nov mean C= -18.7
|Dec mean C= -23.4
|year mean C= -5.1
|Jan low C= -29.9
|Feb low C= -28.4
|Mar low C= -24.2
|Apr low C= -11.1
|May low C= 0.6
|Jun low C= 9.3
|Jul low C= 11.5
|Aug low C= 8.4
|Sep low C= 2.0
|Oct low C= -7.7
|Nov low C= -22.2
|Dec low C= -27.1
|year low C= -9.9
|Jan record low C= -52.2
|Feb record low C= -54.4
|Mar record low C= -46.1
|Apr record low C= -37.2
|May record low C= -17.8
|Jun record low C= -2.8
|Jul record low C= -1.1
|Aug record low C= -6.1
|Sep record low C= -15.7
|Oct record low C= -31.7
|Nov record low C= -42.8
|Dec record low C= -47.8
|year record low C= -54.4
|Jan chill= -61.7
|Feb chill= -60.2
|Mar chill= -57.5
|Apr chill= -43.8
|May chill= -25.1
|Jun chill= -6.9
|Jul chill= 0.0
|Aug chill= -9.6
|Sep chill= -17.7
|Oct chill= -39.9
|Nov chill= -52.4
|Dec chill= -62.4
|year chill= -62.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm= 15.6
|Feb precipitation mm= 14.9
|Mar precipitation mm= 10.7
|Apr precipitation mm= 11.1
|May precipitation mm= 19.0
|Jun precipitation mm= 42.7
|Jul precipitation mm= 41.8
|Aug precipitation mm= 41.8
|Sep precipitation mm= 33.1
|Oct precipitation mm= 26.7
|Nov precipitation mm= 18.7
|Dec precipitation mm= 18.2
|year precipitation mm= 294.4
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm= 0.2
|Feb rain mm= 0.0
|Mar rain mm= 0.1
|Apr rain mm= 1.2
|May rain mm= 13.3
|Jun rain mm= 42.4
|Jul rain mm= 41.8
|Aug rain mm= 41.1
|Sep rain mm= 26.7
|Oct rain mm= 4.6
|Nov rain mm= 0.0
|Dec rain mm= 0.2
|year rain mm= 171.7
|snow colour = green
|Jan snow cm= 21.1
|Feb snow cm= 19.9
|Mar snow cm= 14.4
|Apr snow cm= 12.8
|May snow cm= 6.4
|Jun snow cm= 0.4
|Jul snow cm= 0.0
|Aug snow cm= 0.7
|Sep snow cm= 6.9
|Oct snow cm= 27.3
|Nov snow cm= 26.0
|Dec snow cm= 25.9
|year snow cm= 161.5
|Jan humidity= 65.6
|Feb humidity= 61.4
|Mar humidity= 54.6
|Apr humidity= 52.8
|May humidity= 47.1
|Jun humidity= 46.3
|Jul humidity= 50.9
|Aug humidity= 56.7
|Sep humidity= 62.9
|Oct humidity= 76.0
|Nov humidity= 72.8
|Dec humidity= 67.9
|year humidity= 59.6
|precip days colour = green
|unit precipitation days= 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days= 10.9
|Feb precipitation days= 9.4
|Mar precipitation days= 9.9
|Apr precipitation days= 7.2
|May precipitation days= 6.9
|Jun precipitation days= 10.3
|Jul precipitation days= 11.8
|Aug precipitation days= 11.7
|Sep precipitation days= 12.4
|Oct precipitation days= 13.9
|Nov precipitation days= 12.6
|Dec precipitation days= 12.5
|year precipitation days= 129.4
|unit rain days= 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days= 0.2
|Feb rain days= 0.1
|Mar rain days= 0.1
|Apr rain days= 0.8
|May rain days= 5.0
|Jun rain days= 10.2
|Jul rain days= 11.8
|Aug rain days= 11.6
|Sep rain days= 10.2
|Oct rain days= 2.7
|Nov rain days= 0.1
|Dec rain days= 0.2
|year rain days= 53.0
|unit snow days= 0.2 cm
|Jan snow days= 11.5
|Feb snow days= 10.1
|Mar snow days= 10.4
|Apr snow days= 6.9
|May snow days= 2.9
|Jun snow days= 0.2
|Jul snow days= 0.0
|Aug snow days= 0.2
|Sep snow days= 3.4
|Oct snow days= 13.3
|Nov snow days= 13.6
|Dec snow days= 13.0
|year snow days= 85.4
|Jan sun= 31.8
|Feb sun= 75.8
|Mar sun= 166.5
|Apr sun= 220.0
|May sun= 331.0
|Jun sun= 300.2
|Jul sun= 273.7
|Aug sun= 232.9
|Sep sun= 139.0
|Oct sun= 56.0
|Nov sun= 15.3
|Dec sun= 9.7
|year sun= 1852.0
|Jan percentsun= 20.6
|Feb percentsun= 32.5
|Mar percentsun= 45.9
|Apr percentsun= 48.2
|May percentsun= 56.6
|Jun percentsun= 45.6
|Jul percentsun= 43.4
|Aug percentsun= 45.0
|Sep percentsun= 35.2
|Oct percentsun= 18.6
|Nov percentsun= 8.2
|Dec percentsun= 8.4
|year percentsun= 34.0
|source 1= Environment Canada Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010[20]
}}

See also

  • List of municipalities in the Northwest Territories

References

1. ^[https://www.normanwells.com/town-hall/mayors-blog Mayor Blog]
2. ^{{MACANT|norman-wells|Norman Wells|2014-01-16}}
3. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.pwnhc.ca/cultural-places/geographic-names/community-names/#4/65.98/-119.97 |title= Northwest Territories Official Community Names and Pronunciation Guide |website= Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre |publisher= Education, Culture and Employment, Government of the Northwest Territories |location= Yellowknife |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160113110003/http://www.pwnhc.ca/cultural-places/geographic-names/community-names/ |archive-date= 2016-01-13 |dead-url= no |access-date= 2016-01-13}}
4. ^{{CFS}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Norman Wells profile |url=http://www.assembly.gov.nt.ca/_live/pages/wpPages/mapnormanwells.aspx|publisher=Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207070237/http://www.assembly.gov.nt.ca/_live/pages/wpPages/mapnormanwells.aspx|archivedate=7 February 2012}}
6. ^[https://www.statsnwt.ca/population/population-estimates/commtotals_2001-2017.xlsx Population Estimates By Community] from the GNWT
7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Norman Wells, Town [Census subdivision], Northwest Territories and Northwest Territories [Territory] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6102007&Geo2=PR&Code2=61&Data=Count&SearchText=Norman%20Wells&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6102007&TABID=1|publisher=Statistics Canada|accessdate=2018-08-31}}
8. ^1 2 [https://www.statsnwt.ca/community-data/Profile-PDF/Norman%20Wells.pdf Norman Wells - Statistical Profile] at the GNWT
9. ^https://www.energy.alberta.ca/AU/History/Documents/ArcticEnergyGatewayCanatec.pdf pg23
10. ^Great Slave Heli/Discovery Air/Sahtu Helicopters
11. ^Internet
12. ^1 Northwestel
13. ^1 Infrastructure
14. ^Doing Business in Norman Wells
15. ^Sahtu Divisional Education Council
16. ^Community Groups
17. ^Mackenzie Mountain School at the SDEC
18. ^Official school site
19. ^Wind Chill Hazards and Risk of Frostbite {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217023300/http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/education/windchill/windchill_threshold_chart_e.cfm |date=17 December 2005 }}
20. ^1 {{cite web | publisher = Environment Canada | url = ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/NWT/NWT_AKLA-YELL_ENG.csv | format= CSV (3069 KB)| id = Climate ID: 2202800 |title = Norman Wells A | work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 | accessdate = 2014-01-09}}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • NormanWells.com
  • 1920 The Discovery of Oil NWT Historical Timeline, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre
{{Subdivisions of Northwest Territories}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}

4 : Communities in the Sahtu Region|Towns in the Northwest Territories|Populated places on the Mackenzie River|Road-inaccessible communities of the Northwest Territories
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