| 词条 | Northern Indiana | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Northern Indiana |settlement_type=Region |image_skyline= |image caption_caption= |image_map = Northern Indiana.png |image_mapsize= 200px |map_caption= Northern Indiana counties are highlighted in red. | subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{US}}}} |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Indiana}} |subdivision_type2 = Largest city |subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Fort Wayne, Indiana.svg}} Fort Wayne |population_as_of = 2010 |population = 2,147,765 }} Northern Indiana is a region of the U.S. State of Indiana, including 26 counties which border the states of Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio. Northern Indiana is also considered part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis. The area is generally classified into other sub-regions; Northwest Indiana (or the Calumet Region) is closely tied with Chicago economically, culturally, and politically and is part of the Chicago metropolitan area. The north central region (or Michiana) centers on South Bend metropolitan area, with economic connections to southwest Michigan. Northeast Indiana is centered on the Fort Wayne metropolitan area. The Northern Indiana landscape is physically characterized by very flat to very rolling terrain, ranging from 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 m) above sea level. Glacial kettle lakes are found throughout Northeast Indiana, with sand dunes sharing the Lake Michigan shoreline with heavy industry in the northwest. Kosciusko County is home to the largest natural lake (Wawasee) and deepest natural lake (Tippecanoe) in the state of Indiana. The Eastern Continental Divide runs through the region following the top of the Valparaiso Moraine. Besides a few urban areas, much of Northern Indiana lies in the agricultural Corn Belt. Northern Indiana is known for having the third-highest Amish population in the U.S., especially in Allen, Adams, Elkhart, and LaGrange counties.[1] Sub-regionsCalumetThe following counties are the Northwest Indiana counties that are part of the Chicago metropolitan area. Much of this area in Indiana is known as the Calumet Region.
MichianaThe following counties are considered part of Michiana:
Northeast IndianaThe following counties are considered Northeast Indiana:
Other counties
Largest municipalitiesThe major cities of Northern Indiana are Fort Wayne (in the northeast), South Bend (in the north central region), and Hammond and Gary located in the extreme northwest along Lake Michigan.
Demographics{{US Census population|1890=524581 |1900=597433 |1910=687867 |1920=809770 |1930=1015942 |1940=1085251 |1950=1297939 |1960=1621357 |1970=1802562 |1980=1891741 |1990=1901209 |2000=2062933 |2010=2147765 |estyear=2015 |estimate=2164693 |estref=[12] |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[13] }} Northern Indiana has seen a steady population growth over the past century with the exception of 1990. Between 1980 and 1990, Lake County (which includes the city of Gary) saw a population decline of 47,371 residents, and it was this drop in population that hid the population rise which continued to occur in the majority of the region's other counties. The 2015 Census Estimate[14] has shown that the rural counties (i.e., Wabash and Wells) are seeing a gradual population decline; when compared to the gradual increase (or steady) population trend in the more urban counties (i.e., St. Joseph). The trend of rural counties losing population has been observed in various counties in other regions, most notably the Great Plains. Roughly 10.7% of both Huntington and Wells County lives in poverty, as compared to only 15.5% in Pulaski County. At the same time; Northern Indiana, as is the case for much of the Midwest, is predominately made up of people of European heritage. According to the 2010 Census; almost 98% of Whitley County is white, as compared to Lake County (Gary), which is only 64.4% white and 25.9% African American. Lastly, the average family size per household is relatively constant around 3.00 persons per household. In 2010, the average family size per household was 3.66 in LaGrange County, 3.23 in Elkhart County, 3.19 in Lake County, 3.16 in Noble County, 3.15 in Marshall County and 3.12 in Allen County.[15] DialectThe Inland North dialect of American English is mostly found in the Calumet region of Northern Indiana. The Northern cities vowel shift is recognizable in Northwest Indiana and the Michiana area. However, the rest of Northern Indiana tends to exhibit North Midland dialect, with little recognizable influences.[16] Because of the city's transitional location between the Inland North, North Midland, and Central Midland dialects, Fort Wayne has been difficult for linguists to define, with some labeling speech here "virtually accent neutral," attributed to historical settlement patterns.[17] Time zones{{Main|Time in Indiana}}The Calumet region observes Central Time, including Jasper, Lake, La Porte, Newton, Porter, and Starke counties. The rest of Northern Indiana observes Eastern Time. EconomyNorthern Indiana bases much of its economy around manufacturing, distribution and transportation, and medical devices. Outside the metropolitan areas, the region's agricultural sector is abundant, given its location within the Corn Belt. Despite the region's storied history in industry, Northern Indiana is also at the heart of the Rust Belt, an area of the U.S. that has suffered deindustrialization and some economic stagnation since the late-20th century. The Calumet region of Northwest Indiana is home to much heavy industry, notably steel mills. The Calumet region is the nation's second-largest steel producing area.[18] U.S. Steel's Gary Works (in Gary) was once the largest steel mill in the world and employed 30,000.{{sfn|Catlin|1995|p=90}} Gary Works remains the largest integrated steel mill in North America.[19] Operated by BP, the Whiting Refinery (in Whiting) is the fifth-largest oil refinery in the nation, processing {{convert|405000|oilbbl|m3}} of crude oil daily.[20] Northwest Indiana is also a vital trade and shipping center for the state. The Port of Indiana–Burns Harbor handles more ocean-going cargo than any other Great Lakes port in the U.S.[21] Gambling is another important component to the Calumet region's economy, with five riverboat casinos on Lake Michigan (Ameristar, Blue Chip, Horseshoe, Majestic Star, and Majestic Star II). The north central area of Northern Indiana, centered on Warsaw, is home to several companies specializing in the development and production of orthopaedic medical devices. Nearly one-third of the $38 billion global orthopaedic industry is concentrated in north central Indiana.[22] Elkhart and surrounding municipalities in the Michiana region are home to the largest concentration of recreational vehicle and mobile home manufacturers in the U.S., including Forest River, Gulfstream Coach, Heartland Recreational Vehicles, Jayco, and Monaco Coach, among several others. Some 83 percent of American RVs are produced in Elkhart County.[23] Benton County is home to several wind farms, including the Benton County Wind Farm, Hoosier Wind Farm, Meadow Lake Wind Farm, and Fowler Ridge Wind Farm, the largest of its kind in the American Midwest[24] and twelfth largest in the world. Companies headquartered in Northern Indiana: Nature areasColleges and universitiesTransportation{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}Interstates
Mass transit{{Public Transportation in Northern Indiana |state=collapsed}}Airports
Notable people
See also{{Portal|Indiana}}{{wikivoyage|Northern Indiana}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url = http://www2.etown.edu/amishstudies/Largest_Settlements_2008.asp|title=The Twelve Largest Amish Settlements|year=2008|publisher=Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies, Elizabethtown College|accessdate=2013-10-25}} 2. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/1825000 3. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/1871000 4. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/1827000,1831000 5. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/1827000,1831000 6. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/1849932,1820728 7. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/1849932,1820728 8. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/1861092 9. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/1878326,1828386,1848528 10. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/1878326,1828386,1848528 11. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/1878326,1828386,1848528 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/18179,18169,18069,18149,18131,18099|title=US Census QuickFacts|accessdate=June 24, 2016}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 24, 2016}} 14. ^https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/18179,18169,18069,18149,18131,18099 15. ^http://datamapper.geo.census.gov/map.html 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://aschmann.net/AmEng/#LargeMap4Right|title=American English Dialects|work=|author=|date=|accessdate=2013-10-26}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20090315/FEAT/303159989/-1/FEAT11|title=Hoosier dialects difficult to define|work=The Journal Gazette|author=Devon Haynie|date=2009-03-15|accessdate=2013-10-26}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/business/local/u-s-steel-production-up-nearly-percent-in/article_9472870c-47a2-5868-b90f-211fc0220d7b.html|title=U.S. steel production up nearly 8 percent in 2011|work=|author=The Times of Northwest Indiana|date=2012-01-03|accessdate=2013-10-25}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ir.nisource.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=58458|title=U.S. Steel - Primary Energy Cogeneration Plant at Gary Works Wins National Recognition|work=|author=NiSource, Inc.|date=1999-10-14|accessdate=2013-10-25}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/downloads/A/abp_wwd_us_whiting_refining_fact_sheet.pdf|title=Whiting Refinery Facility Fact Sheet|work=|author=BP|date=|accessdate=2013-10-25}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.portsofindiana.com/poi/burns_harbor/executive_summary.cfm|title=Burns Harbor Executive Summary|work=|author=Ports of Indiana|date=|accessdate=2013-10-25}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.grace.edu/graduate-programs/orthopaedic-regulatory-clinical-affairs|title=Orthopaedic Regulatory and Clinical Affairs (ORCA)|work=|author=Grace College and Seminary|date=|accessdate=2013-10-25}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ge-hub-roadshow.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/RV-Infographic1.jpg|title=Infographic: Meet the RV Capital of the World|work=|author=Roadshow for Growth and Holly Allen|date=2013-05-24|accessdate=2013-10-25}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/newsitem.asp?id=35066|title=Midwest's Largest Wind Farm Online in Indiana|date=2009-04-15|accessdate=2013-10-25|publisher=Grow Indiana Media Ventures|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104104331/http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/newsitem.asp?ID=35066|archivedate=2011-11-04|df=}} Further reading
1 : Regions of Indiana |
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