| 词条 | Northern three-toed jerboa |
| 释义 |
| name = Northern three-toed jerboa | fossil_range = Pleistocene – Recent | image = Dipus sagitta.jpg | image_caption = 'Die Saugtiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Mammalia | ordo = Rodentia | familia = Dipodidae | subfamilia = Dipodinae | tribus = Dipodini | genus = Dipus | genus_authority = Zimmermann, 1780 | species = D. sagitta | binomial = Dipus sagitta | binomial_authority = (Pallas, 1773)[2] | synonyms = }} The northern three-toed jerboa (Dipus sagitta) is a species of rodent in the family Dipodidae. It is monotypic within the genus Dipus.[1] It ranges across Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, China and Mongolia. A common species, the International Union for Conservation of Nature rates it as being of "least concern". DescriptionThe northern three-toed jerboa has a head-and-body length of {{convert|100|to|155|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} and a tail of {{convert|145|to|190|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. The weight is between {{convert|56|and|117|g|oz|0|abbr=on}}. The upper parts are ochre-brown to reddish-brown, a white band stretches from the base of the tail across the hips, and the underparts are white. The hind feet have three toes, the central three metatarsal bones having fused to form a single structure. They have long white hairs on their upper surfaces and pads of stiff hairs under the toes. The long tail has a terminal tassel which is black with a white tip.[3] Distribution and habitatThis jerboa has a range extending from the Don River and the Caspian Sea region, through Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Northern Iran and Kazakhstan, to Mongolia and Northern China. It lives in sandy deserts and semi-deserts, sandy pastures and pine forests on sandy ground. Although typically found between about {{convert|1000|and|1300|m|ft|abbr=on}}, it occurs as high as {{convert|3000|m|ft|-3|abbr=on}} in the Altai Mountains.[1] EcologyThe northern three-toed jerboa either lives alone or in pairs. It occupies an extensive home range in which there may be several burrows, several shallow temporary burrows and one main deep burrow. This has a steeply sloping main tunnel which then turns at an angle and ends in a nesting chamber, with several side chambers for the storage of food. The animal excavates the tunnel with its fore limbs, using its teeth to cut roots, and pushes soil out with its hind feet or nose, forming a characteristic fan-like mound of waste material. The burrow may be {{convert|2.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long and up to {{convert|1.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} deep, and the animal can excavate passages at the rate of {{convert|40|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} in ten minutes or so.[4] The species is nocturnal and emerges after dark to forage primarily for seeds, but also eats grasses, shoots, leaves, bulbs, roots and insects. It moves bipedally, normally making hops that are about {{convert|10|to|15|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long, but making great bounds of {{convert|120|to|140|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} when agitated. Breeding takes place during the summer with two or three litters, each averaging three or four young, being produced after a gestation period of 25 to 30 days. In the north of its range, this jerboa hibernates during the winter deep underground, usually from about November to March.[1][3] In the man-made desert known as Aralkum that has been formed as a result of the shrinkage of the Aral Sea,[5] the northern three-toed jerboa has made use of the new habitat where it lives alongside other small rodents including the Libyan jird, the midday jird and the great gerbil. These rodents are about four times more abundant on the dried-up seabed than in the surrounding terrain, and the presence of this abundance of rodent prey has attracted carnivores such as the red fox, the corsac fox, the steppe polecat, the marbled polecat and the Turkestan wildcat.[6] StatusD. sagitta is a common species in suitable habitat across its wide range. It is presumed to have a large total population and is a pioneering species, often being the first small rodent to occupy new habitat, such as the drying seabed of the Aral Sea. No specific threats to this species have been identified, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal | authors = Batsaikhan, N.; Avirmed, D.; Tinnin, D.; Tsytsulina, K. | title = Dipus sagitta | journal = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume= 2008 | page = e.T6705A12797862 | year = 2008 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6705A12797862.en }} 2. ^{{MSW3 Dipodidae | id = 12900046 | page = 882}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Smith, Andrew T.|author2=Xie, Yan|title=Mammals of China |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sgQsHR-WnTUC&pg=PA93 |year=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-4688-7 |pages=93–94}} 4. ^{{cite book|author1=Prakash, I.|author2=Ghosh, P.K.|title=Rodents in Desert Environments |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwfwCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA506 |year=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-010-1944-6 |pages=506–510}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.geolounge.com/aralkum-desert-worlds-newest-desert/ |title=Aralkum Desert: The World's Newest Desert |author=Morais, Caitlin Dempsey |date=28 May 2014 |work=Geo Lounge |accessdate=23 December 2015}} 6. ^{{cite book|author1=Breckle, Siegmar-W.|author2=Wucherer, Walter|author3=Dimeyeva, Liliya A.|author4=Ogar, Nathalia P.|title=Aralkum, a Man-Made Desert: The Desiccated Floor of the Aral Sea (Central Asia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3793LZcmyDIC&pg=PA240 |year=2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-642-21117-1 |page=240}} Further reading{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Kimberly|last2=Wu|first2=Shaoyuan|last3=Zhang|first3=Fuchun|title=Hindlimb specialization and the evolution of bipedalism in the northern three-toed jerboa, Dipus sagitta |journal=Mechanisms of Development|year=2009 |volume=126 |issue=16th International Society of Developmental Biologists Congress 2009 |pages=248–249 |doi=10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.650}}{{Dipodidae nav}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q929776}} 4 : Dipodidae|Fauna of Iran|Mammals described in 1773|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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