| 词条 | North Island robin |
| 释义 |
| name = North Island robin | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = North Island Robin-edit.jpg | genus = Petroica | species = longipes | authority = Garnot, 1827 }} The North Island robin (Petroica longipes) is a species of Australasian robin endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. It and the South Island robin (P. australis) of the South Island and Stewart Island were once considered conspecific (and called the "New Zealand robin"), but mitochondrial DNA sequences have shown that the two lineages split prior to the Pleistocene and support the classification as two different species.[2] DescriptionThe plumage is dark grey-black overall with a pale area on the belly and breast (which is smaller than that of the South Island robin) and pale streaking on the upperparts. They are sexually dimorphic, with males having darker plumage than the females and being slightly larger.[3] Distribution and habitatThe North Island robin is distributed mostly in the centre of North Island, with small relict populations in the north and south in Moturua Island in the Bay of Islands, Little Barrier Island and Kapiti Island.[4] Populations have been reestablished in Zealandia sanctuary in Wellington and Moehau in the Coromandel Peninsula.[5][6] A remnant population is also re-establishing itself in the Ohope Scenic Reserve near Whakatane; 40 birds were translocated to the reserve from Mokoia Island to assist the population there.[7] Their natural habitat is mostly natural forest, particularly Podocarpus and Nothofagus forests, from sea level up to the tree line. BehaviourFeedingThe North Island robin, like the South Island robin, is a terrestrial feeder foraging on or near the ground (unlike the related and more arboreal tomtit). Prey items are located by perch-hunting, where an individual waits at an elevated perch until prey is spotted, or by active searching; prey is taken from the leaf-litter, low vegetation (branches and foliage) and tree trunks. Numerous invertebrate prey is taken, including cicadas, earthworms, wetas, snails, and spiders. Fruit is also taken.[4] North Island robins cache food supplies for later when prey is plentiful, although males cache more food than females do.[8] Both sexes will steal food from their mate's cache, and are less likely to cache food if their mate is present. References1. ^{{Cite journal | author = BirdLife International | title = Petroica longipes | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2016 | page = e.T103735022A104114188 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2016 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/103735022/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103735022A104114188.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}} {{Petroicidae}}{{Birds of New Zealand}}{{Portal bar|Birds|New Zealand}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q3316087}}{{DEFAULTSORT:robin, North Island}}2. ^Miller, Hilary C. & Lambert, David M. (2006): A molecular phylogeny of New Zealand's Petroica (Aves: Petroicidae) species based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40(3): 844–855. 3. ^Armstrong, D (2001) "Sexing North Island robins (Petroica australis longipes) from morphometrics and plumage" Notornis 48: 76–80 4. ^1 Higgins, P.J. & J.M. Peter (eds) 2003. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 6: Pardalotes to Shrike-thrushes. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. {{ISBN|0-19-553762-9}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.visitzealandia.com/About/Wildlife/Birds/North-Island-Robin |title=North Island robin |work=Zealandia |publisher=Karori Sanctuary Trust |accessdate=17 August 2018}} 6. ^Department of Conservation (2006) Wildlife welcome robin onto Moehau in the northern Coromandel. Retrieved 21 November 2013 7. ^{{cite web |title=Mokoia’s robins successfully breeding in Ōhope |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2015/mokoias-robins-successfully-breeding-in-ohope/ |publisher=Department of Conservation |access-date=7 August 2018}} 8. ^Burns, K.C. & Steer J (2006) "Dominance rank influences food hoarding in New Zealand Robins Petroica australis" Ibis 148: 266–272 3 : Petroica|Birds of the North Island|Birds described in 1827 |
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