| 词条 | Noréaz |
| 释义 |
| subject_name = Noréaz | municipality_name = Noréaz | municipality_type = municipality | imagepath_coa = Noréaz-coat of arms.svg|pixel_coa= | map = Karte Gemeinde Noréaz 2007.png | image_photo = 2012-10-11 Distrikto Sarino (Foto Dietrich Michael Weidmann) 173.JPG | languages = French | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = Sarine |coordinates = {{coord|46|48|N|7|2|E|display=inline,title}} |lat_NS=N|long_EW=E | postal_code = 1757 | municipality_code = 2213 | area = 6.87 | elevation = 638|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2213}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.noreaz.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= Avry, Chésopelloz, Montagny, Ponthaux, Prez-vers-Noréaz | twintowns = |}} Noréaz is a municipality in the district of Sarine in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. World heritage siteIt is home to the En Praz des Gueux prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements that are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1] En Praz des Gueux is the only prehistoric lakeside settlement on the banks of a small lake in the Canton of Fribourg. The site is dated to the classic Cortaillod era (4000-3500 BC). The site was discovered by accident in 1971 in a boggy area near the present shore of the Lac de Seedorf. Under a layer of about {{convert|70|cm|in|abbr=on}} of peat timbers, gravel and stone slabs were discovered.[2] HistoryNoréaz is first mentioned in 1134 as Noarea.[3] GeographyNoréaz has an area, {{as of|2009|lc=on}}, of {{convert|6.9|km2|mi2|sp=us}}. Of this area, {{convert|4.37|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 63.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|1.96|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 28.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, {{convert|0.39|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 5.7% is settled (buildings or roads), {{convert|0.14|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 2.0% is either rivers or lakes and {{convert|0.01|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.1% is unproductive land.[3] Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.4%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 40.9% is used for growing crops and 21.6% is pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 1.6% is in lakes and 0.4% is in rivers and streams.[3] The municipality is located in the Sarine district. It consists of the village of Noréaz and the hamlet of Seedorf. Lac de Seedorf is located in the municipality. Coat of armsThe blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess Or a Semi Lion rampant issuant Gules and Azure three Escallops Argent.[4] DemographicsNoréaz has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-FR|2213}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-FR}} {{as of|2008}}, 4.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[5] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 19.1%. Migration accounted for 15.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 4%.[6] Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks French (430 or 91.1%) as their first language, German is the second most common (29 or 6.1%) and Portuguese is the third (7 or 1.5%).[9] {{as of|2008}}, the population was 49.4% male and 50.6% female. The population was made up of 250 Swiss men (46.5% of the population) and 16 (3.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 257 Swiss women (47.8%) and 15 (2.8%) non-Swiss women.[7] Of the population in the municipality, 207 or about 43.9% were born in Noréaz and lived there in 2000. There were 176 or 37.3% who were born in the same canton, while 59 or 12.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 29 or 6.1% were born outside of Switzerland.[9]{{as of|2000}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 30.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 11.4%.[6]{{as of|2000}}, there were 222 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 219 married individuals, 26 widows or widowers and 5 individuals who are divorced.[8]{{as of|2000}}, there were 154 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.8 persons per household.[6] There were 31 households that consist of only one person and 22 households with five or more people. {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, a total of 150 apartments (90.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 10 apartments (6.1%) were seasonally occupied and 5 apartments (3.0%) were empty.[9] {{as of|2009}}, the construction rate of new housing units was 3.7 new units per 1000 residents.[6] The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2010|alt=in 2010}}, was 1.02%.[6]The historical population is given in the following chart:[10][11] Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width:1020 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:650 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:100 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1811 from:start till:248 text:"248" bar:1850 from:start till:381 text:"381" bar:1860 from:start till:447 text:"447" bar:1870 from:start till:466 text:"466" bar:1880 from:start till:469 text:"469" bar:1888 from:start till:496 text:"496" bar:1900 from:start till:455 text:"455" bar:1910 from:start till:568 text:"568" bar:1920 from:start till:641 text:"641" bar:1930 from:start till:565 text:"565" bar:1941 from:start till:598 text:"598" bar:1950 from:start till:586 text:"586" bar:1960 from:start till:524 text:"524" bar:1970 from:start till:456 text:"456" bar:1980 from:start till:407 text:"407" bar:1990 from:start till:464 text:"464" bar:2000 from:start till:472 text:"472" PoliticsIn the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 29.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (24.6%), the FDP (13.8%) and the CSP (13.0%).[12] The SPS improved their position in Noréaz rising to first, from second in 2007 (with 23.2%) The CVP moved from first in 2007 (with 29.5%) to second in 2011, the FDP retained about the same popularity (15.2% in 2007) and the CSP moved from below fourth place in 2007 to fourth. A total of 181 votes were cast in this election, of which 1 or 0.6% was invalid.[13] Economy{{as of|2010|In 2010}}, Noréaz had an unemployment rate of 1.3%. {{as of|2008}}, there were 42 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 17 businesses involved in this sector. 8 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 173 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 8 businesses in this sector.[6] There were 269 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 47.6% of the workforce.{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}} the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 190. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 32, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 8, all of which were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 150. In the tertiary sector; 2 or 1.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 1 was a technical professional or scientist, 145 or 96.7% were in education.[14]{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 74 workers who commuted into the municipality and 187 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.5 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.[15] Of the working population, 6.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 66.9% used a private car.[6]ReligionFrom the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 405 or 85.8% were Roman Catholic, while 41 or 8.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 individual who belongs to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. 22 (or about 4.66% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 2 individuals (or about 0.42% of the population) did not answer the question.[8] EducationIn Noréaz about 147 or (31.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 56 or (11.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 56 who completed tertiary schooling, 66.1% were Swiss men, 30.4% were Swiss women.[8] The Canton of Fribourg school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school. The upper Secondary school is divided into gymnasium (university preparatory) and vocational programs. After they finish the upper Secondary program, students may choose to attend a Tertiary school or continue their apprenticeship.[16] During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 131 students attending 6 classes in Noréaz. A total of 178 students from the municipality attended any school, either in the municipality or outside of it. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 14 students in the municipality. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 35 students. During the same year, there were no lower secondary classes in the municipality, but 33 students attended lower secondary school in a neighboring municipality. There were 3 vocational upper Secondary classes, with 82 vocational upper Secondary students The municipality had no non-university Tertiary classes, but there was one non-university Tertiary student and one specialized Tertiary student who attended classes in another municipality.[7] {{as of|2000}}, there were 23 students in Noréaz who came from another municipality, while 50 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[15]References1. ^UNESCO World Heritage Site - Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps {{commons category}}{{Municipalities of the district of Sarine}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Noreaz}}2. ^palafittes.org UNESCO nomination files-Volume II: Id-files of the component parts of the serial, Sites Switzerland (2) accessed 10-December-2011 3. ^1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data {{de icon}} accessed 25 March 2010 4. ^Flags of the World.com accessed 10-December-2011 5. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 {{de icon}} accessed 19 June 2010 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 10-December-2011 7. ^1 Canton of Fribourg Statistics {{de icon}} accessed 3 November 2011 8. ^1 2 3 4 STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809142611/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true |date=August 9, 2013 }} {{de icon}} accessed 2 February 2011 9. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907111534/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=September 7, 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011 10. ^1 {{HDS|967|Noréaz}} 11. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930162751/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true |date=2014-09-30 }} {{de icon}} accessed 29 January 2011 12. ^Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics {{de icon}} {{fr icon}} accessed 3 November 2011 13. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton {{de icon}} accessed 28 May 2010 14. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=2014-12-25 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011 15. ^1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120804043150/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php |date=2012-08-04 }} {{de icon}} accessed 24 June 2010 16. ^Chart of the education system in Canton Fribourg {{de icon}} 1 : Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg |
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