“Nottingham Victoria railway station”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Nottingham Victoria railway station was a Great Central Railway and Great Northern Railway railway station in Nottingham, England. It was designed by the architect Albert Edward Lambert, who also designed the rebuild of the Nottingham Midland station (now known more simply as Nottingham Station).

It was opened by the Nottingham Joint Station Committee on 24 May 1900 and closed on 4 September 1967 by the London Midland Region of British Railways. The station building was entirely demolished (except for the clock tower) and the Victoria Centre shopping centre was built on the site, incorporating the old station clock tower into the main entrance on Milton Street (continuation of Mansfield Road).

Background

In 1893 the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway obtained authorisation to extend its North Midlands railway network into London. This new line was opened on 15 March 1899 and became known as the "London Extension", stretching from Annesley to a new station at Marylebone in London. The line passed through Nottingham where a new station was to be built.

Construction and opening

The station's construction was on a grand scale: a {{convert|13|acre|m2|adj=on}} site was acquired at a cost of £473,000 (£{{Formatprice|{{Inflation|UK|473000|1898|r=-4}}}}),{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} in the heart of Nottingham's city centre; negotiations for the acquisition of the land had taken three years. The construction called for the demolition of whole streets of some 1,300 houses, 24 public houses and St. Stephen's Church, Bunker's Hill, following which around {{convert|600000|cuyd|m3}} of sandstone was excavated from the site. The site measured around {{convert|650|yd|m}} in length from north to south and had an average width of {{convert|110|yd|m}} with a tunnel at each end of it for access.^[1]

The Great Central Railway and Great Northern Railway shared the station (they split into two lines at Weekday Cross junction). The two owners failed to reach agreement on the station's name; the Great Central naturally wanted it called "Central", a proposition the Great Northern, still smarting from the incursion into its territory made by the London Extension, would not accept. The two railway companies operated separate booking offices, the Great Central issuing tickets bearing "Nottingham Central", whilst the Great Northern's window bore the legend "Nottingham Joint St'n". In the 1898 Royal Atlas of England, the station is recorded as the "Grt Central & Grt Northern Joint Central Station"^[2]

The Town Clerk resolved the situation by suggesting the name "Nottingham Victoria" to reflect the fact that the planned opening date coincided with Queen Victoria's birthday; this was readily accepted at a meeting of the Nottingham Joint Station Committee on 12 June.^[3]

Nottingham Victoria station was officially opened without ceremony in the early hours of 24 May 1900 – over a year after the commencement of services on the new railway line. The first service to call at the station was a Great Central express from Manchester to Marylebone which pulled in at 1.12am; it was followed fifteen minutes later by a Great Central express travelling in the opposite direction.^[3]

Station building

The main station building was in true Victorian splendour. It was constructed in a Renaissance style using the best quality red faced bricks and Darley Dale stone with space at the front for Hackney carriages which was covered by a canopy. It faced on to the confluence of Mansfield Road and Milton Street for some {{convert|250|ft|m}}.^[1]

The three-storey building was dominated by a large {{convert|100|ft|m|adj=on}} clock tower topped with a cupola and weather vane. At the north end of the building, access could be gained to the parcels office via two large metal gates. Once inside the building on the ground floor level, one reached the large and lofty booking hall. It was over {{convert|100|ft|m}} long and {{convert|66|ft|m}} wide, and contained the best quality pine and a hard wearing oak floor along with a gallery on each side to gain access to spacious offices on the first floor. The booking hall contained seven ticket-issuing windows, three each for the Great Central and Great Northern, and one for excursion traffic; a clock-type train indicator served all platforms. An iron overbridge led from the booking hall and spanned the platforms, to which it was connected by four broad staircases. A small footbridge at the end provided access to the island platforms at the south end, themselves connected to a side exit leading on to Parliament Street.^[1]

The station itself comprised two large island platforms, each between {{convert|1250|ft|m}} and {{convert|1270|ft|m}} long, with two bays at each end for local traffic giving a total of 12 platform faces. Upon each island platform were dining and tea rooms together with kitchens, sleeping facilities for staff, waiting rooms and lavatories; all these buildings were, like the rest of the station, lined with glazed tiles which were generally buff in colour and embellished with a chocolate dado. Large {{convert|42|ft|6|in|m}} steel pillars held up an enormous 3-part glazed canopy measuring {{convert|450|ft|m}} in length, with a centre span of {{convert|83|ft|3|in|m}} and a pair of flanking spans each of {{convert|63|ft|9|in|m}}. There were additional glass roofs over the double-bay platforms, each carried on central pillars. An electrically-lit subway system, below track level and covering the breadth of the station, could be used for transporting luggage, thereby avoiding the need to carry it over the footbridges. The subway was linked to the main station by four lifts serving respectively the booking hall, cloakroom and two island platforms. The refreshment rooms had their own underground subway and lifts.^[4]

The station had passing loops round all platforms (for freight), two signal boxes and two turntables. The two signal boxes were positioned at the north and south ends of the station and controlled entry and exit to the tunnels that allowed entry to the complex.^[4]

Station Masters

Services

The traffic that passed through was varied. It included London–Manchester expresses, local services, cross-country services (e.g. from York to Bristol via Oxford) as well as freight workings. As the station was shared with the Great Northern Railway (already well established when Victoria opened), a large network of lines going to many destinations was available from the one station.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} The new services offered unbeatable competition to the Midland Railway services from Nottingham railway station. The Midland offered more trains per day to Leicester, but the journey time of 40 minutes was outclassed by the Great Central's journey time of 27 minutes non-stop.^[13]{{rp|133}} The journey time to Sheffield was similarly impressive at 50 minutes.

In 1905, there were nine goods trains to London each day, the fastest taking only 2 hours 15 minutes.^[9]{{rp|133}}

Decline

During the 1960s, the whole Great Central route was run down by diverting services away from it, cutting others and slowing down expresses to very slack timetables. Locomotives and rolling stock were old and unreliable, and the line did not benefit from British Rail's new diesel locomotives. As passenger numbers fell, either going by car or other lines, closure seemed inevitable. The last through service from Nottingham to London ran on 3 September 1966. All that was left was a DMU service between Nottingham and Rugby. Victoria station was finally closed on 4 September 1967 and demolished (amidst much opposition{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}), leaving only the clocktower to survive amongst the new Victoria Shopping Centre and flats. Goods trains continued to pass through the site of Victoria until May 1968, with two running lines left in place amidst the demolition of the main station.^[10]

Present day

The site is now occupied by the Victoria Shopping Centre and housing in the form of Victoria Flats – Nottingham's tallest building (256 feet / 72m tall).^[11] The new structure incorporates the original station's clock tower. From the bottom level of the shopping centre's car park, in the former station's deep cutting, the site of the entrance of Mansfield Road railway tunnel remains visible.

Upon the closure of the Great Central railway and the Great Northern/London and North Western Joint line to Melton Mowbray (via {{stnlnk|Barnstone}}), Nottingham also lost smaller stations: Nottingham London Road High Level and Nottingham London Road Low Level.

Current redevelopment plans for the Victoria Shopping Centre will see an extension built northwards filling in the last section of the former stations deep cutting and concealing the entrance to the Mansfield Road Tunnel.

Former services

Background

Construction and opening

Station building

Station Masters

Services

Decline

Present day

Former services

See also

References

Further reading

External links