NPB can refer to:

• NAS Parallel Benchmarks, a set of benchmarks developed by the NASA for measuring the performance of supercomputers
• National Printing Bureau of Japan
• National Pork Board of the United States
• Nederlandsche Padvinders Bond, one of the scouting organizations that evolved into Scouting Nederland
• Newport Beach a city in Orange County, California, United States
• Nippon Professional Baseball, the highest level of professional baseball in Japan
• Nitrate-producing bacteria, also known as nitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle
• Northern Black Polished Ware, a period of South Asian history ({{circa|lk=no|700–200 BC}})
• Parole Board of Canada, a Canadian government agency
• NPB or n-PB, n-propyl bromide, solvent

• Atomic-force microscope
• Atomic-force microscopy
• Atomic Generation
• Atomic Homefront
• Atomic Ivan
• Atomic jet
• Atomic Junction Gas Explosion
• Atomic, Living in Dread and Promise
• Atomic lock
• Atomic Man
• Atomic (Mogwai album)
• Atomic Monster
• Atomic Monster (Production Company)
• Atomic Monster Productions
• Atomic Number (song)
• Atomic operations (computing)
• Atomic partial charge
• Atomic Puppet
• Atomic radii (data page)
• Atomic Rooster (1970 album)
• Atomics (comic book)
• Atomic statement
• Atomic system
• Atomic table
• Atomic trap trace analysis