词条 | N. Scott Momaday |
释义 |
| name = N. Scott Momaday | image = N Scott Momaday George W Bush.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = N. Scott Momaday (left) receiving the National Medal of Arts from U.S. president George W. Bush in 2007 | occupation = Writer | nationality = Kiowa | birth_name = Navarre Scott Momaday | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1934|2|27|mf=y}} | birth_place = Lawton, Oklahoma | alma_mater = University of New Mexico (B.A.) Stanford University (Ph.D.) | movement = Native American Renaissance | genre = Fiction | publisher = | notableworks = House Made of Dawn (1968) }} Navarre Scott Momaday (born February 27, 1934) is a Kiowa novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet. His novel House Made of Dawn was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1969, and is considered the first major work of the Native American Renaissance. His follow-up work The Way to Rainy Mountain blended folklore with memoir. Momaday received the National Medal of Arts in 2007 for his work's celebration and preservation of indigenous oral and art tradition. He holds twenty honorary degrees from colleges and universities, and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. BackgroundOn February 27, 1934, Navarre Scott Momaday was born in Lawton, Oklahoma.[1] He was delivered in the Kiowa and Comanche Indian Hospital, registered as having seven-eighths Indian blood.[2] N. Scott Momaday's mother was Mayme 'Natachee' Scott Momaday (1913–1996)[3], who claimed to be of partial Cherokee descent,[4][5] born in Fairview, Kentucky,[6] while his father was Alfred Morris Momaday, who was a full-blooded Kiowa.[7] His mother was a writer and his father a painter.[1] In 1935, when N. Scott Momaday was one year old, his family moved to Arizona, where both his father and mother became teachers on the reservation.[1] Growing up in Arizona allowed Momaday to experience not only his father’s Kiowa traditions but also those of other southwest Native Americans including the Navajo, Apache, and Pueblo traditions.[1] In 1946, a twelve-year-old Momaday moved to Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico, living there with his parents until his senior year of high school.[2] After high school, Momaday attended the University of New Mexico, graduating in 1958 with a Bachelors of Arts degree in English.[2] He continued his education at Stanford University where, in 1963, he was awarded a Ph.D. in English Literature.[2] Literary careerMomaday received his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1963. Momaday's doctoral thesis, The Complete Poems of Frederick Goddard Tuckerman, was published in 1965. His novel House Made of Dawn led to the breakthrough of Native American literature into the American mainstream after the novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1969. House Made of Dawn was the first novel of the Native American Renaissance, a term coined by literary critic Kenneth Lincoln in the Native American Renaissance. The work remains a classic of Native American literature. As other indigenous American writers began to gain notoriety, Momaday turned to poetry, releasing a small collection called Angle of Geese. Writing for The Southern Review, John Finlay described it as Momaday's best work, and that it should "earn him a permanent place in our literature."[8] The poems in Angle of Geese were later included in an expanded collection, The Gourd Dancer (1976), which also included passages excised from The Way to Rainy Mountain. Most of Momaday's subsequent work has blended poetry and prose. In 2007, Momaday returned to live in Oklahoma for the first time since his childhood. Though initially for his wife's cancer treatment, Momaday's relocation coincided with the state's centennial, and Governor Brad Henry appointed him as the sixteenth Oklahoma Poet Laureate, succeeding Nimrod International Journal editor Francine Leffler Ringold. Momaday held the position for two years.[9] Academic careerMomaday has taught at Stanford University, University of Arizona, University of California-Berkeley, and University of California-Santa Barbara. He has been a visiting professor at Columbia University, Princeton University, and at Moscow State University. At UC Berkeley, he designed the graduate program for Indian Studies.[10] In 1963, Momaday began teaching at the University of California-Santa Barbara as an assistant professor of English. From 1966-1967, he focused primarily on literary research, leading him to pursue the Guggenheim Fellowship at Harvard University.[11] Two years later, in 1969, Momaday was named Professor of English at the University of California-Berkeley. Momaday taught creative writing, and produced a new curriculum based on American Indian literature and mythology.[11] In total, Momaday has tenured at the University of California's Santa Barbara camous, University of California’s Berkeley campus, Stanford University, and the University of Arizona.[12] Momaday has been a visiting professor at places such as Columbia and Princeton, while also being the first professor to teach American Literature in Moscow, Russia at Moscow State University.[12] During the 35-plus years of Momaday’s academic career, he built up a reputation specializing in American Indian oral traditions and sacred concepts of the culture itself.[12] The many years of schooling and teaching are evidence of Momaday’s academic success, resulting in 12 honorary degrees from several American universities.[12] He was a Visiting Professor at the University of New Mexico during the 2014-15 academic year to teach in the Creative Writing and American Literary Studies Programs in the Department of English. Specializing in poetry and the Native oral tradition, he will teach The Native American Oral Tradition. Bibliography
AwardsIn 1969, Momaday won the Pulitzer Prize for his novel "House Made of Dawn" (Pulitzer.org). Momaday was featured in the Ken Burns and Stephen Ives documentary, The West (1996), for his masterful retelling of Kiowa history and legend. He was also featured in PBS documentaries concerning boarding schools, Billy the Kid, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Momaday was honored as the Oklahoma Centennial Poet Laureate[14] In 1992, Momaday received the first Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers' Circle of the Americas.[15] In 2000, Momaday received the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates.[16][17] Awarded a National Medal of Arts in 2007 by President George W. Bush.[18] Momaday received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the University of Illinois at Chicago on May 9, 2010. In 2018, Momaday won a Lifetime Achievement Award[19] from the Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards,[20] the only juried prize to honor the best books addressing racism and questions of equity and diversity. The same year, Momaday became one of the inductees in the first induction ceremony held by the National Native American Hall of Fame.[21] In 2019, Momaday is being awarded the Ken Burns American Heritage Prize.[22] Recent activitiesMomaday is the founder of the Rainy Mountain Foundation[23] and Buffalo Trust, a nonprofit organization working to preserve Native American cultures.[24] Momaday, a known watercolor painter, designed and illustrated the book, In the Bear's House. Quotes
See also{{portal|Novels}}
Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/mom0bio-1|title=Scott Momaday Biography -- Academy of Achievement|website=www.achievement.org|access-date=2016-11-18}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/topics/n-scott-momaday|title=N. Scott Momaday Biography - eNotes.com|website=eNotes|access-date=2016-11-18}} 3. ^https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/54636227/natachee-scott-momaday 4. ^"In terms of blood quantum, a standard (albeit a problematic one, but the one used by the United States government and many tribal governments), records list Momaday's [...] mother as 7/8 white and 1/8 Cherokee. While only 1/8 Cherokee "by degree," Momaday's mother considered herself an American Indian." Jim Charles, Reading, Learning, Teaching N. Scott Momaday (Peter Lang, 2007), p. 29. 5. ^See Kay Bonetti, "N. Scott Momaday: An Interview," in Conversations with N. Scott Momaday, edited by Matthias Schubnell (University Press of Mississippi, 1997), p. 133. 6. ^{{cite journal |last1=Nagin |first1=Emily |title=Irredeemable Stories? Native American Children's Literature and the Radical Potential of Commercial Literary Forms |journal=Studies in American Indian Literatures |date=Winter 2016 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=1–24 |quote=Momaday's mother was born in 1913 in Fairview, Kentucky, and her given name was Mayme Natachee Scott ...|jstor=10.5250/studamerindilite.28.4.0001 |doi=10.5250/studamerindilite.28.4.0001 }} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.voicesofoklahoma.com/interview/momaday-n-scott/|title=Momaday, N. Scott - Voices of Oklahoma|newspaper=Voices of Oklahoma|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-18}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Finlay|first1=John|title=N. Scott Momaday's Angle of Geese|journal=The Southern Review|date=July 1975|volume=11|issue=3|page=658|url=http://search.proquest.com.vortex3.uco.edu/docview/1291572481/2213F52AE52C4BB1PQ/30?accountid=14516|accessdate=22 June 2017}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Holliday|first1=Shawn|title=The Oklahoma Poets Laureate|date=2015|publisher=Mongrel Empire Press|location=Norman, OK|isbn=978-0-9903204-3-2|page=251|edition=1st}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ais.arizona.edu/people/n-scott-momaday |title=U of Arizona biography |accessdate=October 8, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010204537/http://www.ais.arizona.edu/people/n-scott-momaday |archivedate=October 10, 2014 |df= }} 11. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-transcripts-and-maps/n-scott-momaday|title=404 {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2016-11-19}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/producers/momaday.htm|title=PBS - THE WEST - N. Scott Momaday|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2016-11-19}} 13. ^Syracuse Stage 1993-94 14. ^Van Deventer, M. J. "Bush adding to poet's honors." Daily Oklahoman. 15 Nov 2007 (retrieved 14 Dec 2009) 15. ^List of NWCA Lifetime Achievement Awards, accessed 6 Aug 2010. 16. ^Website of St. Louis Literary Award 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://lib.slu.edu/about/associates/literary-award |title=Recipients of the St. Louis Literary Award |website= |author=Saint Louis University Library Associates |date= |accessdate=July 25, 2016}} 18. ^[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/11/20071114-7.html President Bush Announces 2007 National Medal of Arts and National Humanities Medal Recipients] 19. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.anisfield-wolf.org/books/house-made-of-dawn/?sortby=year | title=House Made of Dawn}} 20. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.anisfield-wolf.org | title=Home}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/news/national-native-american-hall-of-fame-names-first-twelve-historic-inductees-e-Uu9NZBh0K9TPrv992tyQ/ |title=National Native American Hall of Fame names first twelve historic inductees - IndianCountryToday.com |publisher=Newsmaven.io |date= |accessdate=2018-10-22}} 22. ^{{cite news |title=Ken Burns American Heritage Prize to be awarded to Dr. N. Scott Momaday Read more: http://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/4096168 |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/4096168 |accessdate=8 January 2019 |work=Digital Journal |date=7 Jan 2019}} 23. ^"Santa Fe NM 87505 - Tax Exempt Organizations." Tax Exempt World. (retrieved 14 Dec 2009) 24. ^Staff, January 2009, "N. Scott Momaday", Smithsonian Q&A, Vol. 39, Issue 10, 25 pgs., retrieved 04-25-2009 25. ^1 "N. Scott Momaday, PhD." Academy of Achievement. (retrieved 14 Dec 2009) 26. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite news|url=http://www.azquotes.com/author/10250-N_Scott_Momaday|title=TOP 25 QUOTES BY N. SCOTT MOMADAY {{!}} A-Z Quotes|newspaper=A-Z Quotes|access-date=2016-11-19}} External links
| title = Awards for N. Scott Momaday | list ={{Mondello Prize}}{{National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s}}{{PulitzerPrize Fiction 1951–1975}} }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Momaday, N. Scott}} 26 : 1934 births|Living people|20th-century American novelists|21st-century American novelists|American male novelists|Kiowa people|Native American novelists|People from Lawton, Oklahoma|Postmodern writers|Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners|United States National Medal of Arts recipients|Guggenheim Fellows|Native American essayists|University of California, Santa Barbara faculty|Male essayists|20th-century essayists|21st-century essayists|Poets Laureate of Oklahoma|20th-century American male writers|21st-century American male writers|Novelists from Oklahoma|People from Jemez Springs, New Mexico|20th-century American non-fiction writers|21st-century American non-fiction writers|American male non-fiction writers|American people of Cherokee descent |
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