“NTFS symbolic link”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

An NTFS symbolic link (symlink) is a filesystem object in the NTFS filesystem that points to another filesystem object. The object being pointed to is called the target. Symbolic links should be transparent to users; the links appear as normal files or directories, and can be acted upon by the user or application in exactly the same manner. Symbolic links to directories or volumes, called junction points and mount points, were introduced with NTFS 3.0 that shipped with Windows 2000. From NTFS 3.1 onwards, symbolic links can be created for any kind of file system object. NTFS 3.1 was introduced together with Windows XP, but the functionality was not made available (through ntfs.sys) to user mode applications. Third-party filter drivers {{ndash}} such as Masatoshi Kimura's opensource senable driver {{ndash}} could however be installed to make the feature available in user mode as well. The ntfs.sys released with Windows Vista made the functionality available to user mode applications by default.

Windows symbolic links to files are distinct from Windows symbolic links to directories. Unlike an NTFS junction point, an NTFS 3.1 symbolic link can also point to a file or remote SMB network path. While NTFS junction points support only absolute paths on local drives, the NTFS symbolic links allow linking using relative paths. Additionally, the NTFS symbolic link implementation provides full support for cross-filesystem links. However, the functionality enabling cross-host symbolic links requires that the remote system also support them, which effectively limits their support to Windows Vista and later Windows operating systems.

An NTFS symbolic link is not the same as a Windows shortcut file, which is a regular file. The latter may be created on any filesystem (such as the earlier FAT32), may contain metadata (such as an icon to display when the shortcut is viewed in Windows Explorer), and is not transparent to applications.

Restrictions

The default security settings in Windows Vista/Windows 7 disallow non-elevated administrators and all non-administrators from creating symbolic links. This behavior can be changed running "secpol.msc" the Local Security Policy management console (under: Security Settings\\Local Policies\\User Rights Assignment\\Create symbolic links). It can be worked around by starting cmd.exe with Run as administrator option or the runas command. Starting with Windows 10 Insiders build 14972 the requirement for elevated administrator privileges was removed, allowing symlinks to be created without needing to elevate the console as administrator ^[1].

Command-line tools and APIs

The mklink command is used to create a symbolic link. It is a built-in command of cmd.exe in Windows Vista and later.^[2]

In Windows XP, junction utility by Mark Russinovich is capable of working with reparse points, now offered by Microsoft as a part of Sysinternals suite.

Windows exposes [https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa363866(v=vs.85).aspx CreateSymbolicLink] function in its API starting from Windows Vista. Since mklink command depends on cmd.exe it may not be possible to use it in all contexts. [https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/New-SymLink-60d2531e New-SymLink] function uses aforementioned API to implement soft link functionality using PowerShell. [https://pscx.codeplex.com/Powershell Community Extensions] also contains function New-SymLink.

Other properties

Symbolic links can point to non-existent targets because the operating system does not check to see if the target exists.^[3]

Limitations

Windows Installer does not fully support symbolic links. A redirected \\Windows\\Installer will cause most .msi-based Windows installers to fail with error 2755 and/or error 1632.

Creating symbolic links for \\Users and \\ProgramData pointing to another drive is not recommended as it breaks updates and Windows Store Apps.^[4]

Creating symbolic links for \\Users, \\ProgramData, "\\Program Files" or "\\Program Files (x86)" pointing to other locations breaks installation resp. upgrade of Windows.^[5]

Creating symbolic links for "\\Program Files" or "\\Program Files (x86)" pointing to another drive breaks Windows' Component Based Servicing which hardlinks files from its repository \\Windows\\WinSxS to their installation directory.

Symbolic links support under Windows

Since Windows XP uses the same NTFS format version as later releases, it's feasible to enable symbolic links support in it. For using NTFS symbolic links under Windows 2000 and XP, a third-party driver exists that does it by installing itself as a file system filter.^[6]^[7]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2016/12/02/symlinks-windows-10/#Ed9Olhkz6hJp4KWV.97|title=Symlinks in Windows 10! - Windows Developer BlogWindows Developer Blog|author=|date=|website=blogs.windows.com}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc753194(WS.10).aspx|title=Mklink|first=|last=Archiveddocs|date=|website=technet.microsoft.com}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365460(VS.85).aspx|title=Programming Considerations (Windows)|author=|date=|website=msdn.microsoft.com}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url = http://support.microsoft.com/kb/949977|title = Relocation of the Users directory and the ProgramData directory to a drive other than the drive that contains the Windows directory|date = |accessdate = 2015-03-12|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}
5. ^{{Cite web|url = http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2876597|title = You encounter an error when trying to install Windows 8.1 due to redirecting the Users or Program Files folder to another partition|date = |accessdate = 2015-03-12|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://schinagl.priv.at/nt/ln/ln.html#symboliclinksforwindowsxp |title=ln - commandline hardlinks - Symbolic links for Windows XP |author=Hermann Schinagl|date=August 23, 2013}}
7. ^リンク/ジャンクション作成ツール