“Nuclear data”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Nuclear data represents measured (or evaluated) probabilities of various physical interactions involving the nuclei of atoms. It is used to understand the nature of such interactions by providing the fundamental input to many models and simulations, such as fission and fusion reactor calculations, shielding and radiation protection calculations, criticality safety, nuclear weapons, nuclear physics research, medical radiotherapy, radioisotope therapy and diagnostics, particle accelerator design and operations, geological and environmental work, radioactive waste disposal calculations, and space travel calculations

It groups all experimental data relevant for nuclear physics and nuclear applications. It includes a large number of physical quantities, like scattering and reaction cross sections (which are generally functions of energy and angle), nuclear structure and nuclear decay parameters, etc. It can involve neutrons, protons, deuterons, alpha particles, and virtually all nuclear isotopes which can be handled in a laboratory.

There are two major reasons to need high-quality nuclear data: theoretical model development of nuclear physics, and applications involving radiation and nuclear power. There is often an interplay between these two aspects, since applications often motivate research in particular theoretical fields, and theory can be used to predict quantities or phenomena which can lead to new or improved technological concepts.^[1]

Nuclear Data Evaluations

To ensure a level of quality required to protect the public, experimental nuclear data results are occasionally evaluated by a Nuclear Data Organization to form a standard nuclear data library. These organizations review multiple measurements and agree upon the highest-quality measurements before publishing the libraries. For unmeasured or very complex data regimes, the parameters of nuclear models are adjusted until the resulting data matches well with critical experiments. The result of an evaluation is almost universally stored as a set of data files in Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) format. To keep the size of these files reasonable, they contain a combination of actual data tables and resonance parameters that can be reconstructed into pointwise data with specialized tools (such as [https://njoy.github.io/ NJOY]).

Nuclear Data Organizations

Releases of ENDF/B Files

See also

External links

References

1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Aliberti|first1=G.|last2=Palmiotti|first2=G.|last3=Salvatores|first3=M.| last4=Kim|first4=T.K.|last5=Taiwo|first5=T.A.|last6=Anitescu|first6=M.|last7=Kodeli|first7=I.|last8=Sartori|first8=E.|last9=Bosq|first9=J.C.|last10=Tommasi|first10=J.|title=Nuclear data sensitivity, uncertainty and target accuracy assessment for future nuclear systems|journal=Annals of Nuclear Energy (33) |year=2006|doi=10.1016/j.anucene.2006.02.003|url=http://www.mcs.anl.gov/events/workshops/nprcsafc/Info%20Documents/Workshop_August_Doc3_Annals_paper-1.pdf|accessdate=2018-06-07}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Oblozinsky|first1=Pavel|title=Nuclear Data: New ENDF/B-VII Library|journal=Nuclear Physics and Related Computational Science R&D for Advanced Fuel Cycles Workshop|date=August 10, 2006|url=http://www.mcs.anl.gov/events/workshops/nprcsafc/Presentations/Oblozinsky%20afc-1%20plenary.pdf|accessdate=2014-07-01}}
3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Oblozinsky|first1=Pavel|title=Special Issue on ENDF/B-VII.1 Library|journal=Nuclear Data Sheets|date=December 2011 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00903752/112/12}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=David|title=ENDF/B-VIII.0|journal=Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) announcement, Brookhaven National Laboratory|date=February 2, 2018 |url=https://ndclx4.bnl.gov/gf/project/endf/news/?id=45|accessdate=2018-02-19}}