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词条 Nyctibatrachus
释义

  1. Description

  2. Species

  3. References

  4. External links

{{redirect|Night frog|the frog found in Africa|Night frog (Africa)}}{{automatic taxobox
| image = Nyctibatrachus spp.jpg
| image_caption = Unidentified Nyctibatrachus from Phanasad Wildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra
| parent_authority = Blommers-Schlösser, 1995
| taxon = Nyctibatrachus
| authority = Boulenger, 1882
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = Presently 28 to 35, see text
}}Nyctibatrachus is a genus of frogs endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India. Their common name is night frogs.[1][2] Their scientific name also means "night frog", in reference to their habits and dark color. They are the only extant members of the monotypic subfamily Nyctibatrachinae.[3]

Description

Nyctibatrachus are robust-bodied frogs that range in size from small (snout–vent length <13 mm in Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei)[4] to relatively large (up to 84 mm Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis). They have a concealed tympanum, dorsum with longitudinal skin folds, femoral glands, and expanded finger and toes disks. They occur near streams in hilly evergreen forests[5] and are nocturnal.[6] Most species have amplexus but Nyctibatrachus humayuni does not; in this species the male moves over the eggs after the female has deposited them.[5]

Species

There are between 28 and 35 species:

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
  • Nyctibatrachus acanthodermis Biju et al., 2011[6] - spinular night frog
  • Nyctibatrachus aliciae Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984
  • Nyctibatrachus anamallaiensis (Myers, 1942)
  • Nyctibatrachus athirappillyensis Garg, 2017[4]
  • Nyctibatrachus beddomii (Boulenger, 1882)
  • Nyctibatrachus danieli Biju et al., 2011[6]
  • Nyctibatrachus dattatreyaensis Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, and Bhatta, 2008
  • Nyctibatrachus deccanensis Dubois, 1984
  • Nyctibatrachus deveni Biju et al., 2011[6]
  • Nyctibatrachus gavi Biju et al., 2011[6]
  • Nyctibatrachus grandis Biju et al., 2011[6]
  • Nyctibatrachus humayuni Bhaduri and Kripalani, 1955 - Bombay night frog
  • Nyctibatrachus indraneili Biju et al., 2011[6]
  • Nyctibatrachus jog Biju et al., 2011[6] - Jog night frog
  • Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Manjunatha Reddy, and Gururaja, 2007[7]
  • Nyctibatrachus kempholeyensis (Rao, 1937)
  • Nyctibatrachus kumbara Gururaja, Dinesh, Priti, and Ravikanth, 2014
  • Nyctibatrachus major Boulenger, 1882 – Malabar night frog
  • Nyctibatrachus manalari Garg, 2017[4]
  • Nyctibatrachus minimus Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Giri, Roelants, Nagaraju, and Bossuyt, 2007
  • Nyctibatrachus minor Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984
  • Nyctibatrachus periyar Biju et al., 2011[6]
  • Nyctibatrachus petraeus Das and Kunte, 2005
  • Nyctibatrachus pillaii Biju et al., 2011[6]
  • Nyctibatrachus poocha Biju et al., 2011[6]
  • Nyctibatrachus pulivijayani Garg, 2017[4]
  • Nyctibatrachus radcliffei Garg, 2017[4]
  • Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei Garg, 2017[4]
  • Nyctibatrachus sabarimalai Garg, 2017[4]
  • Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris Rao, 1920
  • Nyctibatrachus shiradi Biju et al., 2011[6]
  • Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus Rao, 1937 - forest night frog
  • Nyctibatrachus vasanthi Ravichandran, 1997
  • Nyctibatrachus vrijeuni Biju et al., 2011[6] - VUB night frog
  • Nyctibatrachus webilla Garg, 2017[4]

}}

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Nyctibatrachidae/Nyctibatrachus |title=Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=7 July 2015}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.amphibiaweb.org/lists/Nyctibatrachidae.shtml |title=Nyctibatrachidae |year=2014 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Blommers-Schlösser|first=Rose M. A.|date=1993-07-01|title=Systematic relationships of the Mantellinae Laurent 1946 (Anura Ranoidea)|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.1993.9523105|journal=Ethology Ecology & Evolution|volume=5|issue=2|pages=199–218|doi=10.1080/08927014.1993.9523105|issn=0394-9370}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite journal|last1=Garg|first1=Sonali|last2=Suyesh|first2=Robin|last3=Sukesan|first3=Sandeep|last4=Biju|first4=SD|title=Seven new species of Night Frogs (Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot of India, with remarkably high diversity of diminutive forms|journal=PeerJ|date=21 February 2017|volume=5|doi=10.7717/peerj.3007|url=https://peerj.com/articles/3007/|accessdate=24 February 2017|language=en|issn=2167-8359|pmc=5322763}}
5. ^1 {{cite book|title=Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles |edition=4th |first1=Laurie J.|last1= Vitt|first2=Janalee P. |last2=Caldwell|publisher=Academic Press|year=2014|pages=509–510}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite journal | author = Biju, S.D., Van Bocxlaer, I., Mahony, S., Dinesh, K.P., Radhakrishnan, C., Zachariah, A., Giri, V., and Bossuyt, F. | year = 2011 | title =A taxonomic review of the Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 in the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae) with description of twelve new species | journal = Zootaxa| volume =3029 | issue = | pages = 1–96| doi = |url= http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z03029p096f.pdf}}
7. ^{{cite journal | author = Dinesh, K.P., C. Radhakrishnan, A.H. Manjunatha Reddy and K.V. Gururaja | year = 2007 | title = Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis nom. nov., a replacement name for the Giant Wrinkled Frog from the Western Ghats | url = http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jul252007/246.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Current Science | volume = 93 | issue = 2| pages = 246–250 }}

External links

{{commonscat|Nyctibatrachus}}{{Wikispecies|Nyctibatrachus}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2699473}}

6 : Nyctibatrachidae|Nyctibatrachus|Amphibians of India|Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats|Amphibian genera|Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
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