| 词条 | Oakland Estuary |
| 释义 |
The Oakland Estuary is the strait in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, separating the cities of Oakland and Alameda and the Alameda Island from the East Bay mainland. On its western end, it connects to San Francisco Bay, while its eastern end connects to San Leandro Bay. CrossingsThe Estuary is spanned by two underwater tubes and three bridges. They are, from west to east:
Early historyAlthough the estuary was used by Native American tribes inhabiting the local area since about 4000 BC, the earliest recorded history of the Oakland Estuary dates primarily from events extending back to the 19th century, as detailed in a research study conducted by Earth Metrics for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Earth Metrics, 1990)(Shreffler, 1994). The Oakland Estuary and tributary stream channels were used for shipping transport regularly by the 1850s; early maritime commerce featured movement of lumber and cattle hides. At this time land west of Lake Merritt Slough consisted of undeveloped marshlands. In 1853 the first dredging project of this estuary was initiated[1], to enable ferry service to San Francisco. By the late 19th century further landside development occurred featuring wharf expansions, railroad service and shipbuilding. The estuary was dredged by the Army Corp of Engineers, making Alameda an island in 1913. Coast Guard island, originally known as Government Island, was formed in 1913 by the dredging project that extended the Oakland Estuary to San Leandro Bay. {{OSM Location map| coord = {{coord|37.772836|N|122.274612|W}} |float=right |zoom=12 |scalemark=20 |mark-coord1={{coord|37.787535|N|122.276628|W}} |mark-coord2={{coord|37.7717|N|122.237|W}} |mark-coord3={{coord|37.768889|N|122.230278|W}} |mark-coord4={{coord|37.7645|N|122.225|W}} |mark-coord5={{coord|37.748924|N|122.236383|W}} |shape1=n-square |shape-color1=#080|shape-outline1=#fff|mark-size1=18 |fullscreen-option=1 |caption=Alameda Island and connections:
}} RowingIn recent years, several rowing clubs have chosen the Oakland Estuary to be their home. The teams include UC Berkeley Rowing, the California Rowing Club, Berkeley High School Crew, Artemis Rowing Club(Eli Solomon), Oakland Technical High School Rowing, East Bay Rowing Club, and the Oakland Srokes Notes
See also{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area}}{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
}} References1. ^Jerrard, Laura, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Bw1SAQAAMAAJ&q=Oakland+Estuary+1853+dredging&dq=Oakland+Estuary+1853+dredging&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0qsiJnMfaAhUKJsAKHdYjCnIQ6AEIKTAA Fruitvale Bay Trail Park: A Feasibility Study and Design Proposal] (1997), University of California, Berkeley, p.13. {{San Francisco Bay watershed|state=collapsed}} 6 : Geography of Alameda County, California|Straits of California|San Francisco Bay|Geography of Alameda, California|Geography of Oakland, California|Bodies of water of Alameda County, California |
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