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词条 Odebrecht
释义

  1. Timeline

  2. Corporate structures

  3. Legal problems

     Other politicians involved  Antigua  Argentina  Colombia  Cuba  Dominican Republic  Ecuador  Guatemala  Mexico  Panama  Peru  Venezuela 

  4. Paradise Papers

  5. Rankings

  6. Notable projects

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}{{prose|date=January 2017}}{{Infobox company
|name = Odebrecht S.A.
|logo = Odebrecht.svg
|logo_size = 225px
|type = Private
|foundation = 1944
|founders = Norberto Odebrecht
|location = Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
|key_people = Luciano Guidolin
{{small|(CEO)}}
Ruy Lemos Sampaio
{{small|(chairman)}}
|industry = Conglomerate
|products = Construction, engineering, aerospace, environmental engineering, petrochemicals, chemicals, utilities, ethanol, real estate, infrastructure, defense, transportation, and others
|revenue = {{decrease}} US$25.7 billion (2017)
|net_income = {{increase}} US$207.6 million (2017)
|operating_income =
|num_employees = 79,616[1]
|parent =
|subsid = Construtora Norberto Odebrecht
Odebrecht Oil and Gas
Foz do Brasil
Odebrecht Realizações Imobiliárias
Odebrecht Infraestrutura
Odebrecht Agroindustrial,
Braskem
Odebrecht Administradora E Corretora De Seguros
Odeprev Odebrecht Previdência
Odebrecht USA
Odebrecht Foundation
Mectron
Odebrecht Energia
|homepage = {{url|http://www.odebrecht.com.br/en/|www.odebrecht.com}}
|foot_notes =
}}Odebrecht S.A. ({{IPA-pt|odɛˈbɾɛ(t͡)ʃ|br}}) is a Brazilian conglomerate consisting of diversified businesses in the fields of engineering, construction, chemicals and petrochemicals. The company was founded in 1944 in Salvador, Bahia by Norberto Odebrecht, and is now present in South America, Central America, North America, the Caribbean, Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Its leading company is {{ill|Norberto Odebrecht Construtora|pt|Construtora Norberto Odebrecht}}.[2]

Odebrecht S.A. is a holding company for Construtora Norberto Odebrecht S.A., the biggest engineering and contracting company in Latin America, and Braskem, the largest petrochemicals producer in Latin America and one of Brazil's five largest private-sector manufacturing companies. Odebrecht controls Braskem, which by revenue is the fourth largest petrochemical company in the Americas and the seventeenth in the world.

Odebrecht has been central to the Operation Car Wash scandal. On 19 June 2015, Brazilian authorities arrested the former CEO, Marcelo Odebrecht, in connection with their ongoing probe into bribes paid to the Brazilian oil giant, Petrobras.[3] On 7 March 2016 he was sentenced to 19 years and 4 months jail, for paying over US$30 million in bribes to executives of Petrobras, in exchange for contracts and influence.[4][5]

Timeline

  • 1944–1945: Norberto Odebrecht establishes a privately owned firm, the founding milestone for the Odebrecht Group. The firm becomes Norberto Odebrecht Construtora Ltda.
  • 1979–1980: Odebrecht goes international and starts to diversify its business. CBPO merges with the Odebrecht Group.
  • 1981: Odebrecht S.A. is created.
  • 2002: Odebrecht establishes Braskem as Latin America's largest petrochemical producer. The group reaches the milestones of 1,000 members within 25 years of service.
  • 2004–2007: The Odebrecht Group celebrates its 60th anniversary. Odebrecht Agroindustrial is established to produce sugar ethanol, sugar and energy

Corporate structures

  • Odebrecht Energia (energy) – Invests, constructs and manages projects in the Latin American electric sector, such as hydroelectric, thermoelectric and nuclear power plants. Emphasis is made on projects in Brazil, Peru and Colombia.
  • Odebrecht Engenharia Industrial (industrial engineering) – Constructs and assembles industrial facilities in Brazil and abroad, serving clients from a range of different sectors.
  • Odebrecht Infraestrutura (infrastructure) – Completes important projects in the transport, sanitation, sports arena and irrigation sectors in Brazil.
  • Odebrecht América Latina & Angola (Latin America and Angola) – Leads investments and construction projects in regions that served as the pioneers for Odebrecht's international expansion.
  • Odebrecht Venezuela – Invests and completes projects in the infrastructure, real estate, industrial, oil and gas, petrochemical and food security sectors in the country.
  • Odebrecht International – Includes operations of 65 different nationalities, maintaining a unique quality standard and respecting the unique characteristics of each region.
  • Odebrecht Óleo e Gás S.A. (oil and gas) – Explores and produces oil and gas fields, operates rigs and provides integrated services for other companies from the sector.
  • Odebrecht Realizações Imobiliárias S.A. (real estate developments) – Develops residential, business, commercial and tourism ventures.
  • Foz do Brasil S.A. – Provides water supply and waste treatment services.
  • Odebrecht Agroindustrial S.A. – Produces alcohol fuel (ethanol), electricity and sugar using sugarcane.
  • Brasken S.A. – Produces raw materials in an integrated fashion, including ethane, propane and chlorine, as well as second-generation petrochemical products, such as thermoplastic resins.
  • Odebrecht Participações e Investimentos – Leads the company's operations in diversified infrastructure sectors, investing in transportation and logistics, energy, sports arenas and irrigation.
  • Odebrecht Administradora e Corretora de Seguros Ltda. – Protects the assets of shareholders by identifying, mitigating and managing risks.
  • Odeprev – Designs and operates supplementary pension plans for Odebrecht Organization members, preparing them for retirement.
  • Fundação Odebrecht (foundation) – Promotes youths' education for life, through work and for values, as well as the sustainable development of productive chains.

Legal problems

{{Outdated section|date=July 2017}}{{details|Operation Car Wash}}

The Treasurer of the Brazilian Workers' Party, João Vaccari Neto, was arrested in 2015 for allegedly receiving "irregular donations,"[6] and José Dirceu, former chief of staff for President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, was arrested for orchestrating a large part of the scandal, also in 2015.[7]

Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies (lower house of the Congress of Brazil) Eduardo Cunha (PMDB-RJ), was investigated for allegedly receiving more than USD$40 million in kickbacks and bribes.[8] He was imprisoned in October 2016 and his accounts frozen.[9] Former Minister of Mines and Energy Edison Lobão (PMDB) was investigated for receiving more than USD$50 million in bribes from Petrobras and arrested 19 October 2016 and held in custody due to what the justice department of Paraná state called "a concrete possibility of flight given his access to hidden resources abroad, as well as double nationality."[10]

In February 2016, amidst the Peruvian presidential race, a report from the Brazilian Federal Police implicated Peruvian president Ollanta Humala as a recipient of bribes from Odebrecht in exchange for public works contracts. Humala rejected the accusation and has avoided any confrontation with the media on the matter.[11][12] Under the Humala administration Odebrecht received contracts worth US$152 million, in addition to the $7.3 billion Southern Gas Pipeline project and $60 million in contracts with regional governments in Peru.[12]

On 4 March 2016, former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was detained and questioned for three hours as part of a huge fraud inquiry into the state oil company Petrobras after his house was raided by federal police agents. Lula, who left office in 2011, denied allegations of corruption. The long-running inquiry known as Operation Car Wash, is probing accusations of corruption and money laundering at Petrobras. Dozens of executives and politicians have been arrested or are under investigation on suspicion of overcharging on contracts with Petrobras and kicking part of the money for bribes and electoral campaigns. Police said they had evidence that Lula, 70, received illicit benefits from the kickback scheme. Lula's institute said in a statement that "violence" against the former president was "arbitrary, illegal and unjustifiable", as he had been co-operating with the investigations.[13]

Other politicians involved

Antigua

Executives running Odebrecht's bribery division secretly bought a majority share of Meinl Bank and used it to transfer funds to politicians' offshore accounts.[15] Prime Minister Gaston Browne denied receiving a bribe from Odebrecht in January 2016.[14]

Argentina

  • Gustavo Arribas, director of Argentina's Federal Intelligence Agency under the government of Mauricio Macri.{{cn|date=April 2019}}

Colombia

  • Juan Manuel Santos, Colombian president.[15][16]
  • Gabriel García, former Colombian minister of Transportation during the government of Álvaro Uribe.{{cn|date=April 2019}}
  • Óscar Iván Zuluaga, former Colombian minister of Finance during the government of Álvaro Uribe.{{cn|date=April 2019}}

Cuba

The Worker's Party (PT) government of Dilma Rousseff was criticized during her reelection bid for heavily financing the proposed free enterprise zone at the {{ILL|Port of Mariel|pt|Porto de Mariel}} in Cuba.[17]

Dominican Republic

At least $92 million of the bribes Odebrecht has admitted making were paid in the Dominican Republic, and 14 people were charged with bribery or money laundering.[18] The Dominican Republic announced in February $184 million in fines — twice the amount of its illicit payments to win public works contracts between 2001 and 2014.[19]

Ecuador

  • Mauricio Rodas, Mayor of Quito (Ecuador) and leader of the SUMA party.{{cn|date=April 2019}}
  • Jorge Glas, Former vice president of Ecuador

Guatemala

  • Alejandro Sinibaldi, former minister of Transports.[20]
  • Manuel Baldizón, former deputy of Congress.[20]

Mexico

  • Enrique Peña Nieto, Mexican president.[21]
  • An Odebrecht employee told a Brazilian court that he had been asked to pay a bribe to Emilio Lozoya Austin, then head of the Mexican state-owned oil company PEMEX.[22]

Panama

The attorney-general of Panama has announced that 43 people suspected of involvement in the bribery scandal. Odebrecht is the largest government contractor in Panama, with contracts over 500 million, including a subway line in Panama City.{{cn|date=April 2019}}

Peru

  • Alan García, former Peruvian president (American Popular Revolutionary Alliance).{{cn|date=April 2019}}
  • Alejandro Toledo, former Peruvian president.[23] Peru requested his extradition from the United States on charges of accepting $20 million in Odebrecht bribes.[24]
  • Ollanta Humala and Nadine Heredia, former Peruvian president and former Peruvian first lady,[25] who have been detained for up to 18 months in connection with this scandal.[26]
  • Keiko Fujimori, Peruvian politician, who received more than $1 million dollars (Popular Force).{{cn|date=April 2019}}
  • Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Peru's President from 2016 to 2018, who in December 2017 appeared before Congress to defend himself against impeachment over allegations of covering up illegal payments of $782m from Brazilian construction giant Odebrecht to Kuczynski's company Westfield Capital Ltd. Keiko Fujimori, who lost the 2016 presidential elections by a margin of fewer than 50,000 votes, is championing the motion; her party has already forced out five government ministers.[27] He resigned from his position on 22 March due to a scandal of bribing people to not vote for his vacancy for receiving money from Odebrecht.

Venezuela

  • Nicolás Maduro, President of Venezuela.[28]
  • Henrique Capriles, opposition candidate at the 2012 and 2013 presidential elections.[29]

Paradise Papers

On 5 November 2017, the Paradise Papers, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investment, revealed that Appleby managed 17 offshore companies for Odebrecht and at least one of them was used as a vehicle for the payment of bribes in Operation Car Wash. Some of these offshore companies are publicly known to operate for Odebrecht in Africa and be involved in bribes. Among those involved in the operation who are named in the papers are Marcelo Odebrecht, his father Emílio Odebrecht, and his brother Maurício Odebrecht.[30]

Rankings

2009 Engineering News-Record magazine rankings
  • No. 18 The Top 225 International Contractors
  • No. 34 The Top 225 Global Contractors
  • No. 1 Hydro Plants
  • No. 4 Sewerage and Solid Waste
  • No. 4 Water Supply
  • No. 1 Sanitary and Storm Sewers
  • No. 5 Pipelines
  • No. 5 Water Treatment and Desalinization
  • No. 12 Transportation
  • No. 5 Bridges
  • No. 7 Highways
  • No. 9 Mass Transit
  • No. 6 Airports

Notable projects

USA
  • Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts
  • American Airlines Arena
  • FIU Stadium
  • Garcon Point Bridge
  • I-40 Interchange
  • Merrill Barber Bridge
  • Miami Metromover
  • MIA Mover APM System
  • Miami International Airport – north and south terminals, concourse A and E, FAA traffic control tower, Dolphin parking garage, cargo buildings
  • Miami Metrorail Miami Intermodal Center-Earlington Heights Connector (in progress)
  • Orlando International Airport – north taxiway and south terminal
  • Ritz Carlton Hotel, Key Biscayne
  • Seven Oaks Dam
  • SR 826 Palmetto
Peru
  • Limón Dam

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://odebrecht.com/en/odebrecht-group/about-group |title=About the Group |last=Odebrecht.com |accessdate=7 April 2015}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.odebrecht.com/en/odebrecht-organizations/corporate-structure|title=Corporate Structure {{!}} Odebrecht|date=10 July 2012|access-date=24 May 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710041007/http://www.odebrecht.com/en/odebrecht-organizations/corporate-structure|archivedate=10 July 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/20/business/international/brazil-arrests-head-ofodebrecht-in-petrobras-scandal.html |title=Brazil Arrests Head of Odebrecht in Petrobras Scandal |date=20 June 2015 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=22 December 2016}}
4. ^{{cite news |last1=Fonseca |first1=Pedro |title=Former Odebrecht CEO sentenced in Brazil kickback case |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-odebrecht-idUSKCN0WA1X8 |accessdate=8 March 2016 |agency=Reuters |date=8 March 2016}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=Brazil Petrobras scandal: Tycoon Marcelo Odebrecht jailed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-35753774 |accessdate=8 March 2016 |publisher=BBC |date=8 March 2016}}
6. ^{{cite news |last1=Jelmayer |first1=Rogerio |title=Brazil Police Arrest Workers' Party Treasurer Joao Vaccari Neto |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/brazil-police-arrest-workers-party-treasurer-joao-vaccari-neto-1429100123 |accessdate=27 August 2015 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=15 April 2015}}
7. ^{{cite news |last1=MAGALHAES |first1=LUCIANA |title=Brazilian Police Arrest José Dirceu, Ex-Chief of Staff, in Petrobras Probe |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/brazils-federal-police-charge-jose-dirceu-in-petrobras-probe-1438612314 |accessdate=9 September 2015 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=3 August 2015}}
8. ^{{cite news |last1=Romero |first1=Simon |title=Expanding Web of Scandal in Brazil Threatens Further Upheaval |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/22/world/americas/expanding-web-of-scandal-in-brazil-threatens-further-upheaval.html |accessdate=9 September 2015 |work=The New York Times |date=21 August 2015}}
9. ^{{cite news |title=Brazil’s former house speaker arrested on corruption charges: Eduardo Cunha, instrumental in the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, has spent his first day in custody |author=ANTONIO JIMÉNEZ BARCA |location=São Paulo |date=20 October 2016 |publisher=El País }}
10. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/brazil-arrests-key-figure-rousseff-impeachment-161019171830208.html |title=Brazil: Eduardo Cunha arrested over alleged corruption: Former lower house speaker detained as part of a probe into corruption at oil giant Petrobras |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=19 October 2016 |access-date=27 April 2017}}
11. ^{{cite news |last1=Leahy |first1=Joe |title=Peru president rejects link to Petrobras scandal |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/87349398-da88-11e5-9ba8-3abc1e7247e4.html |accessdate=24 February 2016 |work=Financial Times}}
12. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Post |first1=Colin |title=Peru: Ollanta Humala implicated in Brazil’s Carwash scandal |url=http://perureports.com/2016/02/23/peru-ollanta-humala-implicated-in-brazils-carwash-scandal/ |publisher=perureports.com |accessdate=23 February 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-35725415 |title=Brazil Petrobras scandal: Former president Lula questioned |date=4 March 2016 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=22 December 2016}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/10/06/inenglish/1507299060_688883.html?rel=str_articulo#1519191853788 |publisher=El País |author=Gaston Browne |title=Antigua and Barbuda and the ‘Odebrecht case' |date=6 October 2017 |access-date=20 February 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-06/01/c_136329639.htm |title=Odebrecht admits payments to Colombian presidential campaigns - Xinhua - English.news.cn |website=news.xinhuanet.com |accessdate=14 December 2017}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/campana-santos-recibio-dinero-odebrecht-fiscalia-163489 |title=Campaña de Santos recibió dinero de Odebrecht, según fiscalía |first=Redacción |last=Elcomercio.pe |date=8 February 2017 |website=elcomercio.pe |accessdate=14 December 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.latimes.com/world/brazil/la-fg-ff-cuba-mariel-20150217-story.html |title=In funding Cuba port project, Brazil set to gain key foothold |author1=TRACY WILKINSON |author2=VINCENT BEVINS |date=17 February 2015 |publisher=Los Angeles Time}}
18. ^1 {{cite news |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-06-12/odebrecht-corruption-machine-s-collapse-sows-chaos-in-the-dominican-republic |title=A Graft Machine’s Collapse Sows Chaos in the Caribbean: In the Dominican Republic, the fall of the Odebrecht corruption empire is threatening a power plant—and a presidency |author=Ezra Fieser |date=12 June 2017 |accessdate=20 February 2018}}
19. ^{{title=Odebrecht’s bribery scandal casts a shadow over Latin America |url=http://www.latinfinance.com/web-articles/2017/3/odebrecht-s-bribery-scandal-casts-a-shadow-over-latin-america |date=9 March 2017 | author1=Mick Bowen |author2=Kevin Gray |publisher=Latin Finance |language=en |access-date=20 February 2018}}
20. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-guatemala-corruption/guatemala-businessman-to-face-graft-charges-after-u-s-deportation-idUSKBN1FA0T2?il=0 |title=Guatemala businessman to face graft charges after U.S. deportation |date=21 January 2018 |website=Reuters |accessdate=21 January 2018}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2017/08/14/mexico/1502732771_799761.html |title=La corrupción sacude de nuevo a Peña Nieto |first=Javier |last=Lafuente |date=14 August 2017 |website=elpais.com |accessdate=14 December 2017}}
22. ^{{cite news |title=Odebrecht Testimony in Brazil Points to Pemex Bribe in Mexico: Ex-official of Brazilian construction firm testified he was asked to pay $5 million to then-chief of Mexican oil company |publisher=Wall Street Journal |author=Juan Montes |date=5 May 2017 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/odebrecht-testimony-in-brazil-points-to-pemex-bribe-in-mexico-1494025050 |access-date=20 February 2018}}
23. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/10/peru-ex-president-alejandro-toledo-faces-arrest-on-bribery-charges |title=Peru ex-president Alejandro Toledo faces arrest on bribery charges |last=Collyns |first=Dan |date=10 February 2017 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=11 February 2017 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}
24. ^{{cite news |url=https://perureports.com/2018/02/20/alejandro-toledo-extradition/ |author=Jamie Rosenfield |date=20 February 2018 |access-date=20 February 2018 |title=Former President Alejandro Toledo to be extradited from U.S. to Perú |language=en |publisher=Peru Reports}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=https://perureports.com/2017/04/13/odebrecht-confirms-3-million-bribe-paid-peru-president/ |title=Odebrecht confirms $3 million bribe paid to Peru's ex-president |date=13 April 2017 |website=perureports.com |accessdate=14 December 2017}}
26. ^{{cite news |title=Ollanta Humala and wife detained in corruption probe |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/07/ollanta-humala-wife-detained-corruption-probe-170714071209946.html |accessdate=21 November 2017 |work=Al Jazeera |agency=Al Jazeera |date=14 July 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/perus-president-faces-corruption-charges-linked-brazil-scandal-171221130305541.html |title=Peru's Congress debates impeachment of President Kuczynski |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=21 December 2017 |accessdate=22 December 2017 |author=Sanchez, Mariana |location=Lima}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/12/world/americas/venezuela-odebrecht-maduro-corruption.html |title=Maduro Becomes Latest Leader Accused in Huge Bribery Scheme |first=Nicholas |last=Casey |date=12 October 2017 |publisher= |accessdate=14 December 2017 |via=NYTimes.com}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/mundo/america-latina/article153644769.html |title=Reporte: Odebrecht habría financiado campaña de opositor venezolano Capriles |website=elnuevoherald.com |accessdate=14 December 2017}}
30. ^{{cite news |last1=Delfino |first1=Emilia |title=Paradise Papers: Salen a la luz 17 offshore de Odebrecht y al menos una se usó para sobornos |url=http://www.perfil.com/paradisepapers/paradise-papers-salen-a-la-luz-17-offshore-de-odebrecht-y-al-menos-una-se-uso-para-sobornos.phtml |accessdate=9 November 2017 |work=Perfil |date=8 November 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108203827/http://www.perfil.com/paradisepapers/paradise-papers-salen-a-la-luz-17-offshore-de-odebrecht-y-al-menos-una-se-uso-para-sobornos.phtml |archivedate=8 November 2017}}

External links

{{commons category|Organização Odebrecht}}
  • {{Official website|http://www.odebrecht.com.br/en }}
  • History of Odebrecht on company website
  • Engineering News-Record
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316163802/http://www.odebrechtonline.com.br/materias/02801-02900/2818/?lang=pt 3 generations of Odebrecht: Emílio, Marcelo and Norberto Odebrecht, with pictures], company news archived in 2012
  • [https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38397289 Brazil's Odebrecht fined at least $2.6bn for bribery], BBC, 2016

16 : Odebrecht|Conglomerate companies of Brazil|Chemical companies of Brazil|Construction and civil engineering companies of Brazil|Defence companies of Brazil|Oil and gas companies of Brazil|Petrochemical companies|Holding companies of Brazil|Companies based in São Paulo|Companies based in Salvador, Bahia|Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1944|Energy companies established in 1944|Non-renewable resource companies established in 1944|1944 establishments in Brazil|Privately held companies of Brazil|Brazilian brands
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