词条 | OK-GLI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| image = OK-GLI Technik Museum Speyer 2008 12.JPG | image_size = 300px | caption = Atmospheric Buran testbed currently on display in Technik Museum Speyer | number = BST-02 | country = Soviet Union | contract = | named_after = | first_flight = Taxi test 1 | first_date = 29 December 1984 | last_flight = Taxi test 9 | last_date = 29 December 1989 | missions = 25 test flights | crews = | time = never flew in space | orbits = | distance = | deployed = | dockings_mir = | dockings_iss = | status = Owned by the Technik Museum Speyer, Germany. Serving as walk-in exhibition. |}} The OK-GLI ({{lang-ru|Орбитальный корабль для горизонтальных лётных испытаний, ОК-ГЛИ|translit=Orbital'nyy korabl' dlya gorizontal'nykh lotnykh ispytaniy|lit=Orbital ship for horizontal flight tests}}), also known as Buran Analog BST-02 (БТС-02), was a test vehicle ("Buran aerodynamic analogue") in the Buran programme. It was constructed in 1984, and was used for 25 test flights between 1985 and 1988 before being retired. It is now an exhibit at the Technik Museum Speyer in Germany. ConstructionThe development of the Buran began in the late 1970s as a response to the U.S. Space Shuttle program. The construction of the orbiters began in 1980, and by 1984 the first full-scale Buran was rolled out. The first suborbital test flight of a scale-model took place as early as July 1983. As the project progressed, five additional scale-model flights were performed. The OK-GLI (Buran Analog BST-02) test vehicle ("Buran aerodynamic analogue") was constructed in 1984. It was fitted with four AL-31 jet engines mounted at the rear (the fuel tank for the engines occupied a quarter of the cargo bay). This Buran could take off under its own power for flight tests, in contrast to the American Enterprise test vehicle, which was entirely unpowered and relied on an air launch. The jets were used to take off from a normal landing strip, and once it reached a designated point, the engines were cut and the OK-GLI glided back to land. This provided invaluable information about the handling characteristics of the Buran design, and significantly differed from the carrier plane/air drop method used by the US and the Enterprise test craft. Test flightsNine taxi tests and twenty-five test flights of the OK-GLI were performed,[1] after which the vehicle was "worn out". All tests and flights were carried out at Baikonur.
Post-retirementZhukovsky Air BaseAfter the program was cancelled, the OK-GLI was stored at Gromov Flight Research Institute, near Moscow, where it was displayed during the annual MAKS air show. Sydney, AustraliaIn 2000, the OK-GLI was sold to an Australian company called the Buran Space Corporation, owned by Australian astronaut Paul Scully-Power. It was disassembled and transported by ship to Sydney, Australia, via Gothenburg, Sweden;[3] arriving on 9 February 2000 and appeared as a static tourist attraction under a large temporary structure in Darling Harbour for a few years.[4][5] Upon reassembly, the OK-GLI was put on display in a temporary enclosure for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Visitors could walk around and inside the vehicle (a walkway was built along the cargo bay), and plans were in place for a tour of various cities in Australia and Asia. The owners went into bankruptcy after the Olympics, and the vehicle was moved into the open air and stored for a year, in a fenced-in parking lot and protected by nothing more than a large tarpaulin, where it suffered deterioration and repeated vandalism.[6] The OK-GLI was then offered for sale, including by a radio auction on the American News 980 KFWB-AM with a starting price of {{US$|6 million}},[7] however it did not receive any genuine bids.[8] BahrainIn September 2004 a team of German journalists found the OK-GLI in Bahrain, having been abandoned after it was on display as an attraction of the 2002 "Bahrain Summer" festival.[9][10] It was then bought by the Sinsheim Auto & Technik Museum, to be transported to Germany in 2005.[11] Due to legal issues, it remained in Bahrain for several years, pending settlement of an international court case over fees.[12] Technik Museum Speyer, Germany{{multiple image|caption_align=center|align=right |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 |image1=2008-04-09 Raumfähre Buran OK-GLI IMG 9183.jpg |width1=3728 |height1=2888 |caption1=OK-GLI on the Rhine |image2=OK-GLI Speyer 1.jpg |width2=1600 |height2=1071 |caption2=OK-GLI at Technik Museum Speyer }} On 4 March 2008 the OK-GLI began its journey by sea to the Technik Museum Speyer where it was refurbished and serves as a walk-in exhibit.[13] The journey got off to an inauspicious start when, during the transfer from the storage barge to the ship, there was a failure of the aft spreader (part of the lifting mechanism) and the tail of the vehicle dropped from just above deck height to the bottom of the hold. No one was hurt and both the ship and vehicle seemed to suffer only minor damage. See also{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.k26.com/buran/Info/Timeline/buran-energia_timeline_history.html |title=Buran Energia Timeline History |publisher=Krzys Kotwicki |accessdate=4 August 2006}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/burlogue.htm |title=Buran Analogue Chronology |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=5 August 2006}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.procargo.fi/buran.html |title=Transporting the Russian Space shuttle Buran |publisher=ProCargo |accessdate=2 July 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210101748/http://www.procargo.fi/buran.html |archivedate=10 February 2006}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.suburbia.com.au/~colinc/buran/buran.htm |title=Buran Analogue/002 in Sydney |website=Suburbia.com.au |accessdate=2 July 2006}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-021000a.html |title=Russian shuttle lands down under |work=collectSPACE |first=Robert Z. |last=Pearlman |date=10 February 2000 |accessdate=2 July 2006}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/spacecraft/q0241.shtml |title=Analog Buran Test Vehicle |website=Aerospaceweb.org |accessdate=15 June 2009}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/news/spacehistory/buran_auction_020509.html |title=Russian Shuttle Buran, Slightly Used, Goes Up for Auction Today |work=Space.com |first=Jim |last=Banke |date=9 May 2002 |accessdate=3 July 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061115220343/http://space.com/news/spacehistory/buran_auction_020509.html |archivedate=15 November 2006}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/news/spacehistory/buran_auction_ends_020523.html |title=Auction Fails to Sell Buran, Russian Shuttle Remains Available |work=Space.com |first=Jim |last=Banke |date=23 May 2002 |accessdate=3 July 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829214834/http://space.com/news/spacehistory/buran_auction_ends_020523.html |archivedate=29 August 2008}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-modele-gli.php |title=Analog shuttle, OK - GLI |website=Buran-energia.com |accessdate=28 February 2016}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/weltall/kurioser-fund-sowjet-shuttle-am-persischen-golf-aufgetaucht-a-319316.html |title=Kurioser Fund: Sowjet-Shuttle am Persischen Golf aufgetaucht |trans-title=Strange find: Soviet shuttle found in the Persian Gulf |work=Der Spiegel |first=Markus |last=Becker |date=22 September 2004 |accessdate=5 August 2006}} 11. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/weltall/ueberraschender-handel-sinsheimer-museum-kauft-den-sowjet-shuttle-a-319521.html |title=Überraschender Handel: Sinsheimer Museum kauft den Sowjet-Shuttle |trans-title=Surprising trade: Sinsheimer museum buys the Soviet shuttle |work=Der Spiegel |first=Markus |last=Becker |date=23 September 2004 |accessdate=5 August 2006}} 12. ^{{cite news |url=http://archives.gdnonline.com/NewsDetails.aspx?date=04/07/2015&storyid=185595 |title=Buran case review set |work=Gulf Daily News |date=19 June 2007 |accessdate=16 November 2007}} 13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/touchdown-at-technical-museum-russian-space-shuttle-navigates-rhine-river-a-545835.html |title=Touchdown at Technical Museum: Russian Space Shuttle Navigates Rhine River |work=Der Spiegel |agency=Reuters |date=7 April 2008 |accessdate=7 April 2008}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|OK-GLI}}
2 : Buran program|Individual aircraft |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。